Solvent bar microextraction combined with HPLC-DAD and multivariate optimization for simultaneous determination of three antiarrhythmic drugs in human urine and plasma samples

Al-Hashimi, Nabil N.; Al‐Degs, Yahya S.; Momany, Enaam M. A. Al; El‐Sheikh, Amjad H.; Alqudah, Abdelrahim M.A.; Oqal, Muna K.A.; Abdelghani, Jafar I.

doi:10.1016/j.talo.2022.100140

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The SBME of BES, TES, and PRO is subject to numerous influencing factors, necessitating an optimized experimental design to determine the optimal combination of factors with minimal experimental effort. For this purpose, chemometric approaches using CCD-based RSM using Chemoface ® v1.66 [35] were applied at three levels for four test factors listed in the Supplementary Table for Materials (Table S1). Midpoints were usually replicated to estimate experimental errors.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were then run on these design points, and the EE% response variable was used to measure each combination of factor levels listed in Table 1. Then, the obtained experimental data listed in Table 1 were used to fit a mathematical (quadratic or polynomial) model equation describing the relationship between factors and responses [35]. The essential factors and their optimal values can be estimated by analyzing the model.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent Bar Microextraction Method Based on a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent and Multivariate Optimization for Determination of Steroid Hormones in Urine and Water

AL-Hashimi,

Abed Alfattah,

El-Barghouthi

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Steroid hormones may pose potential risks to both human health and wildlife, primarily through the consumption of medication or polluted food and water; efforts are being made to monitor their levels in the human body and regulate and minimize their releases to the environment. In this study, a simple and environmentally friendly sample preparation method was developed to simultaneously determine three steroid hormones in urine and water samples. A monoterpene (menthol) and a fatty acid (lauric acid) were combined in various ratios to form a hydrophobic deep eutectic (HDE) solvent as an extraction solvent in solvent bar microextraction (SBME). Using a univariate strategy, a menthol-to-lauric acid HDE ratio of 4:1 and a pH 7 of the sample solution resulted in the highest extraction efficiency (EE%) of the selected steroids. The computational methods have been employed to predict a 4:1 HDE interaction with chosen steroids. Additionally, chemometric approaches suggested that the optimal extraction conditions involved HDEs as extract solvent confined within three SBME devices directly immersed into a 20 mL sample solution with a 30 min extraction time, followed by ultrasonication within 200 μL of elution solvent for a 5 min elution time. Under optimized conditions, the method calibration graph for the spiked selected steroids in the water and urine samples showed good linearity with R2 ≥ 0.994 with limits of detection/quantification lower than 0.40/1.35 μg L−1 and repeatability/reproducibility (RSD%, n = 5) lower than 5.09/7.11. The developed method allows a safe, rapid, and reliable analysis of three steroid hormones in human urine and water samples without using toxic volatile organic solvents.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Bar Microextraction Method Based on a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent and Multivariate Optimization for Determination of Steroid Hormones in Urine and Water

AL-Hashimi,

Abed Alfattah,

El-Barghouthi

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…Numerous influencing factors need to be considered while designing experiments. To accomplish this objective, chemometric techniques involving CCD-based RSM using the Chemoface ® software [33] were implemented with three key parameters and factorial points (À1 and þ1), with each numerical factor being varied across three levels. The complete details of these factors and their levels can be found in Table S1 in the Supplementary Material.…”

Section: Experimental Chemical and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were then run on these design points, and the EE% response variable was used to measure each combination of factor levels listed in Table 1. Then, the obtained experimental data listed in Table 1 were used to fit a mathematical (quadratic or polynomial) model equation describing the relationship between factors and responses [33]. The essential factors and their optimal values can be estimated by analyzing the model.…”

Section: Experimental Chemical and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correspondingly, solvent bar microextraction (SBME) is a modified version of the HF-LPME technique that utilizes a porous HF-microtube arranged in a freely movable configuration [32]. In SBME, the extraction solvent is introduced into the pores and lumen of a short segment of the HFmicrotube, which is then sealed at both ends to secure the content and create a solvent bar [33]. This solvent bar is subsequently immersed directly into a stirred sample solution during extraction, allowing the desired analytes to migrate from the sample solution into the extractant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solvent bar microextraction based on using deep eutectic solvent and multivariate optimization for simultaneous determination of antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs in biological fluids

AL-Hashimi,

El-Sheikh,

Alfawaz

et al. 2024

AChrom

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Monitoring medications in biological fluids is an essential aspect of patient care, particularly in cases of altered mental status where accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and even forensic examinations are crucial. In this study, a new approach combining hydrophobic-deep-eutectic and solvent-bar-microextraction (HDE-SBME) followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of desipramine, clomipramine, as antidepressant and carbamazepine as antiepileptic agents in untreated human urine and plasma samples. The HDE solvents, synthesized using various ratios of menthol and fatty acids, were utilized in the SBME setups. Computational methods were employed to predict the structure and modes of interaction between HDE and the chosen analytes. Central composite design methodology (CCD) was used for multivariate optimization of the effects of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of the proposed method. Under optimized experimental conditions, the calibration graph of the spiked selected drugs in urine and plasma samples demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.994), with limits of detection/quantification below 0.60/2.02 μg L−1. The extraction recoveries achieved were 88–97%, and the repeatability/reproducibility (RSD%, n = 5) was less than 6.12/7.57. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine selected drugs in patients' urine and plasma samples. The proposed method detects three drugs in patients' urine and plasma samples without using toxic volatile organic solvents. The proposed microextraction technique exhibited a confident sensitivity, feasible operation, and simplicity compared with other published methods. Thus, it can be considered a promising method for monitoring the therapeutic levels of specific antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs in urine and plasma samples.

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Eco-friendly solvent bar microextraction based on a natural deep eutectic solvent and multivariate optimization for simultaneous determination of spironolactone and canrenone in urine and plasma samples

AL-Hashimi,

Alfattah,

El-Sheikh

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Solvent bar microextraction combined with HPLC-DAD and multivariate optimization for simultaneous determination of three antiarrhythmic drugs in human urine and plasma samples

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Solvent Bar Microextraction Method Based on a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent and Multivariate Optimization for Determination of Steroid Hormones in Urine and Water

Solvent Bar Microextraction Method Based on a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent and Multivariate Optimization for Determination of Steroid Hormones in Urine and Water

Solvent bar microextraction based on using deep eutectic solvent and multivariate optimization for simultaneous determination of antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs in biological fluids

Eco-friendly solvent bar microextraction based on a natural deep eutectic solvent and multivariate optimization for simultaneous determination of spironolactone and canrenone in urine and plasma samples

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