Solvent-assisted graphite loading for highly conductive phenolic resin bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Kang, Soo‐Jung; Kim, Dong Ouk; Lee, Jun-Ho; Lee, Pyoung‐Chan; Lee, Minhye; Lee, Youngkwan; Lee, Jun Young; Choi, Hyouk Ryeol; Lee, Jong-Ho; Oh, Youjin; Nam, Jae‐Do

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.11.064

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Colloidal dispersions of graphite are useful due to their lubricating and coating properties. Graphite doped composites and alloys have been created that utilize the superior thermal and mechanical properties of graphite to produce bulk materials with enhanced characteristics . However, poor dispersability and oxidation at temperatures above 600°C limit graphite's utilization as a high‐temperature ceramic additive .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphite doped composites and alloys have been created that utilize the superior thermal and mechanical properties of graphite to produce bulk materials with enhanced characteristics. [1][2][3][4] However, poor dispersability and oxidation at temperatures above 600°C limit graphite's utilization as a high-temperature ceramic additive. 5,6 It is desirable to improve particle dispersion and wettability in suspensions and mixtures, to achieve more homogeneous properties in bulk materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Modification of Graphite Particles Coated by Atomic Layer Deposition and Advances in Ceramic Composites

Lichty

Wirz

Kreider

et al. 2012

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Graphite particles have been coated with Al2O3 via atomic layer deposition. Alumina content was measured via inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP), LECO combustion analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). While alumina was present, adherence was limited, and nonconformal films were deposited on the graphite particles. Coatings produced changes in particle interactions and dispersability. These changes were observed via sedimentation rates of particle suspensions in water, Zeta potential values, and particle size distributions. Alumina‐Graphite composites were sintered using coated and uncoated particles. Differences in bulk thermal properties are ascribed to enhanced dispersability of the coated particles in presintered powder mixtures. EDS mapping of the sintered composites confirms the enhanced dispersion of the coated graphite particles. Particle coating through atomic layer deposition provides a means to improve particle dispersion with low material loadings. It has been shown that changes in particle interaction characteristics can be achieved even without uniform and conformal coatings. These particle interaction changes can result in sintered composites with enhanced thermal properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Graphite Particles Coated by Atomic Layer Deposition and Advances in Ceramic Composites

Lichty

Wirz

Kreider

et al. 2012

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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“…Machining is usually employed to fabricate the flow channels in the BPPs. Machining graphite into complex designs is highly expensive and time-consuming, and therefore makes it unpractical for the full scale commercialization of fuel cells [166,167].…”

Section: Bipolar Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on the Key Materials and Components for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Vehicle Applications

Wang

Peng

et al. 2016

Energies

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Fuel cells are the most clean and efficient power source for vehicles. In particular, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are the most promising candidate for automobile applications due to their rapid start-up and low-temperature operation. Through extensive global research efforts in the latest decade, the performance of PEMFCs, including energy efficiency, volumetric and mass power density, and low temperature startup ability, have achieved significant breakthroughs. In 2014, fuel cell powered vehicles were introduced into the market by several prominent vehicle companies. However, the low durability and high cost of PEMFC systems are still the main obstacles for large-scale industrialization of this technology. The key materials and components used in PEMFCs greatly affect their durability and cost. In this review, the technical progress of key materials and components for PEMFCs has been summarized and critically discussed, including topics such as the membrane, catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer, and bipolar plate. The development of high-durability processing technologies is also introduced. Finally, this review is concluded with personal perspectives on the future research directions of this area.

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“…1 Dhakate 9 manufactured a P/EG composite, but the flexural strength value was lower than that of DOE criteria. Kang 10 manufactured a P/G composite by hot compaction. Through-plane electrical conductivity and flexural strength reached 80 S/cm and 55 MPa, respectively, which are lower than DOE criteria.…”

Section: Bipolar Plate Is a Multi-functional Component In Pem Fuel Cementioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of a Phenolic/Graphite Nanocomposite Bipolar Plate for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Taherian

Golikand

Hadianfard

2012

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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This study aims at developing lightweight and high performance sandwiched composite bipolar plates (BPs) for use in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. For this purpose, some single and double-filler composites were manufactured by using phenolic resin as polymer and graphite (G), carbon fiber (CF), expanded graphite (EG), and carbon cloth as fillers. In order to characterize the composites, the morphology, electrical conductivity, flexural strength, toughness, hardness, porosity, and hydrogen permeation analyzes were performed. The results showed that the final composite containing 45 wt% G, 10 wt% CF, 5 wt% EG and carbon fiber cloth in middle of composite provides the electrical conductivity 101 S/cm, interface contact resistance 9 m .cm 2 (in clamping pressure 150 N/cm 2 ), thermal conductivity 9.6 W/(mK), flexural strength 74 MPa, and impact energy 50 J/m, without hydrogen permeation, that these are beyond the DOE criteria. Finally, a single PEM fuel cell was provided using the final fabricated bipolar plates and its in-situ performance was studied. A power density of 812 mW/cm 2 was achieved at 2.8 A/cm 2 . The power and performance of final composite BP was compared with the commercially available BPs, metallic, graphitic BPs as well as the other composite BPs. The results demonstrated that the prepared composite exhibits an acceptable performance in comparison to other materials.Bipolar plate is a multi-functional component in PEM fuel cells. It provides the electrical connection from cell to cell and separates the reactive gases. 1 Eighty percent of the PEM fuel cell stack weight and 38% of the cost are related to BP. 2-4 Based on DOE, 2,5 composite BPs should meet the following requirements: (a) high through-plane electrical conductivity (>100 S/cm) and low area specific resistance (<30 m · cm 2 in clamping pressure 150 N/cm 2 ); 6 (b) chemical stability in the presence of hydrogen fuel, oxygen, and slightly acidic water (pH <4), and corrosion resistance (<16 μA/cm); 6 (c) high thermal conductivity (>10 W/mK); 7 (d) low permeability to hydrogen and oxygen (<2×10 −6 cm 3 /(cm 2 · s); 6 (e) good mechanical properties, such as tensile strength >41 MPa, flexural strength >59 MPa, impact strength >40.5 J/m, and crush strength >4200 kPa; 6,7 and (f) thermal stability at PEM fuel cell operating temperatures (−40-120 • C). While there are many studies concerning the manufacture of composite bipolar plates, in most of them the properties of the composite have not attained DOE criteria. Carter 8 attempted to manufacture single and double fillers with G and CF, but the electrical conductivity of these composites did not attain the DOE criteria. Phenolic resin/CF possesses higher mechanical strength and toughness than the DOE criteria, but the electrical conductivity does not achieve DOE criteria, even with 60 wt% CF. In addition, high filler loading increases the hydrogen permeation in PEM fuel cell because P/CF has high porosity, especially at high filler loading. 1 Dhakate 9 manufactured a P/EG composite, ...

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Solvent-assisted graphite loading for highly conductive phenolic resin bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Surface Modification of Graphite Particles Coated by Atomic Layer Deposition and Advances in Ceramic Composites

Surface Modification of Graphite Particles Coated by Atomic Layer Deposition and Advances in Ceramic Composites

Recent Progress on the Key Materials and Components for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Vehicle Applications

Preparation and Properties of a Phenolic/Graphite Nanocomposite Bipolar Plate for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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