Solvent and central metal effects on the photophysical and photochemical properties of 4-benzyloxybenzoxy substituted phthalocyanines

Synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic studies of novel peripherally tetra-imidazole substituted phthalocyanine and its metal complexes, the computational and experimental studies of the novel phthalonitrile derivative

“…1. Nucleophilic aromatic nitro displacement reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with base catalyst has been carried out by many scientists [14,43]. Generally, nucleophilic substitution of a nitro group from an activated aromatic substrate can be effectively conducted by variety of strong nucleophiles under dipolar aprotic conditions, for example in DMF or DMSO [43].…”

“…Although there are many synthetic methods for preparing substituted phthalocyanines in literature [59e62] authors generally prefer cyclotetramerization of substituted phthalonitrile or 1,3-diimino-1H-isoindoles [14,63]. Peripherally substituted phthalocyanines are prepared from the cyclotetramerization of 4-substituted phthalonitrile and non-peripherally substituted phthalocyanines are prepared from 3-substituted ones.…”

“…Depending on specification of elements; monomeric, axially ligated or dimeric phthalocyanines can be obtained. The cations fitting the central cavity of phthalocyanines form monomeric species [14], the larger cations form dimeric or axially ligated species [15e17].…”

Metal-free phthalocyanine aggregation and binding with amines: Specific and general solvent effects on absorption and fluorescence properties

“…In literature aprotic solvents were usually adopted to study the polarity effect on the peak positions of absorption and fluorescence spectra [28][29][30][31][32][33]. We use both protic and aprotic solvents in the study.…”

“…The fluorescence properties of a Pc compound can be influenced by solvents in many different ways, but attentions in past reports are usually paid to the general solvent effect due to polarity. For example, some studies have explored the effect of solvent polarity on the UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectral positions of ZnPc [28][29][30], CuPc [31], PbPc [32] and CdPc [33]. In addition to polarity effect, a solvent may also affect Pc's spectra and photophysical properties through specific solvent effect (SSE), including hydrogen bonding, acid-base equilibrium and aggregation effect.…”