Solutions for Peritoneal Dialysis

Feriani, M; Ronco, Claudio; Greca, G. La

doi:10.1007/978-0-585-36947-1_21

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Hypokalemia in hemodialysis patients is less frequent and can be caused by a low potassium intake, recovery of glomerular filtration, chronic diarrhea and and/or prescription of drugs that can increase intestinal potassium excretion such as mineralocorticoids and ion-exchange resins [12].…”

Section: Hemodialysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potassium metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Part II: Patients on dialysis (stage 5)

Musso

2004

Int Urol Nephrol

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Potassium is removed mainly by diffusion during dialysis. In hemodialysis, potassium removal averages 70-150 mmol per session, and the presence of glucose-free dialysate, sodium profiling, and hyperkalemia, may increase its removal. The most frequent potassium derangement in hemodialysis patients is hyperkalemia. Hemofiltration removes approximately 60 mmol of potassium per treatment. In peritoneal dialysis patients, despite lower potassium removal (about 30-40 mmol/day), hypokalemia is the most frequent electrolyte alteration, probably due to movement of potassium into the cells mediated by insulin, secondary to glucose absorption from the dialysis solution.

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Section: Hemodialysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This release may be promoted by the initial low pH and/or by the hyperosmolality of the instilled dialysate [13]. Standard peritoneal dialysis solutions contain no potassium [12,14].…”

Section: Peritoneal Dialysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Part II: Patients on dialysis (stage 5)

Musso

2004

Int Urol Nephrol

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“…excess fluid from the body. Through the use of dialysis fluids of different compositions, dialysis adequacy, acidbase control, electrolyte correction, and fluid balance can be adequately achieved in the majority of end-stage renal disease patients (5).…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of the PD solution is therefore the key factor that governs diffusion and convection, as well as removal of excess fluid from the body. Through the use of dialysis fluids of different compositions, dialysis adequacy, acid–base control, electrolyte correction, and fluid balance can be adequately achieved in the majority of end-stage renal disease patients (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and Magnesium Flux in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis

et al. 2009

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Background Calcium and magnesium balance in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been extensively studied with several of the different formulations of fluid available. Calcium and magnesium balance in automated PD (APD) is less well studied and the effect on Ca and Mg flux is unknown. Data on glucose polymer solutions are also lacking. This prospective observational study was undertaken to examine mass transfer of Ca and Mg in APD patients. Methods 12 patients on APD were studied for two 24-hour periods using, alternately, 1.75 mmol/L and 1.25 mmol/L Ca (Dianeal PD1 and Dianeal PD4; Baxter Healthcare, Newbury, UK) 1.36% glucose-based dialysis fluid for the 9-hour overnight dialysis, followed by a 15-hour daytime dwell of glucose polymer-based fluid (icodextrin). Serum ionized Ca, serum Mg, and dialysate Ca and Mg concentrations were measured at the beginning and end of each period. Mass transfer was calculated as millimoles per exchange. Results During rapid overnight exchanges with Dianeal PD1 and PD4, mass transfer of Mg and Ca did not show significant correlations with serum levels when using PD1 fluid; however, mass transfer of Mg, but not Ca, was significantly correlated to serum levels when using PD4 fluid. During the long dwell with icodextrin, dialysate drain volume was the most significant factor determining the flux of both Ca and Mg. Conclusion Mass transfer of Ca and Mg in APD patients using conventional dialysis fluid was not related to drain volume in this study, which differs to studies in CAPD. Flux of Ca and Mg during icodextrin use was found to be dependent on ultrafiltration rate and not dialysate or serum concentration.

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“…To prevent this problem, neutral pH solutions buffered with bicarbonate/lactate mixtures or bicarbonate have been introduced into clinical practice [20,21] . The introduction of these solutions has been facilitated by the development of dual container systems [22] . To minimize GDP formation and to increase the pH of PD solutions, novel doublechamber bag systems were created [23] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bicarbonate/Lactate Dialysis Solution on the Inflammatory Response of Spontaneous Peritonitis in Rats Undergoing Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis

et al. 2009

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Background: We evaluated the incidence of spontaneous peritonitis as well as the local inflammatory response and macroscopic changes in the peritoneum during the use of a bicarbonate/lactate-buffered (P) solution in comparison to conventional (D) solutions in rats on chronic peritoneal dialysis. Methods: Sixty-three male Wistar rats were implanted with peritoneal catheters. After 7 days, the animals were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (32 rats in D, 31 rats in P) and infused twice daily over the following 4 weeks. Results: After 14 and 23 days, rats dialyzed with D had a higher peritonitis rate than those dialyzed with P. The median number of days until peritonitis occurred was 22 days for the rats in the D group and 29 days for the rats in the P group. Spontaneously infected rats dialyzed with the D solution had higher scores for adhesion formation. Conclusions: In this animal model, dialysis with P delayed the time to the 1st infection, reduced the overall peritonitis rate and reduced peritonitis-associated peritoneal adhesion formation during chronic peritoneal dialysis.

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Solutions for Peritoneal Dialysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 149 publications

Potassium metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Part II: Patients on dialysis (stage 5)

Potassium metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Part II: Patients on dialysis (stage 5)

Calcium and Magnesium Flux in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis

Effects of Bicarbonate/Lactate Dialysis Solution on the Inflammatory Response of Spontaneous Peritonitis in Rats Undergoing Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis

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