Solutions for enhancement of sensitivity and metrological reliability of conductometric biosensor systems

Abstract

The article presents the results of research aimed at the creation of highly sensitive, compact and inexpensive biosensor analyzers based on differential conductometry. The main factors, which reduce the sensitivity of the measuring channel and cause the measurement errors, are considered; the measurement methods to eliminate or minimize their effect are discussed. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of conductometric converters of biosensors and measuring circuits are presented. The technical realization of these methods is proposed; the important characteristics of the sensors and the developed devices are described, as well as the outcomes obtained at their approbation.

Hardware and Software Complex for Conductometric Measurements With High Metrological Reliability

“…Thanks to this, the differential measurement method has shown effectiveness when using working transducers with selective membranes in biosensor devices [16]. The paper [17] summarizes the results of previous studies of the most essential questions of such measurements and the principles of construction of the necessary equipment. With changes in the background electrical conductivity, which does not exceed a small informative change in the local electrical conductivity (usually of the order of 1%), the relative error of determining the latter does not exceed a few percent.…”

“…However, when the transducers are used, processes occur on the surfaces of the electrodes that change them. The values of these changes can reach tens of percent and differ greatly in transducers forming a differential pair, which leads to differences in active resistances in their equivalent two-element circuits [17,18]. There are also differences in the phase angles of the impedance of the transducers.…”

Development of a new method of improving the oxidase‐based biosensors′ analytical characteristics by adding catalase as an auxiliary enzyme

“…For example, improving transducers and measuring instruments directly by increasing their resolution, stability, and noise removal. Or by using microfluidic systems and nanomaterials, that significantly improve the sensitivity and measurement accuracy and expand the linear operating range of biosensors [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. There are also many modern approaches to improving the immobilization procedure and/or the composition of bioselective elements of biosensors [18][19].…”

Technique for Improving the Analytical Characteristics of Biosensors Basedon Enzymes of the Oxidase Subclass

“…In response, biosensor methods are gaining popularity for their ease of use, portability, and costeffectiveness. This trend has spurred rapid development and improvement of already existing biosensors [1][2][3][4], particularly those based on oxidase enzymes, which are widely used commercially. We aimed to enhance the analytical performance of such biosensors given their prevalence and importance in various applications.…”