Solutions for BGP Persistent Route Oscillation

Scudder, John; Retana, Alvaro; Walton, Daniel; Chen, Enke

doi:10.17487/rfc7964

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Methods of detection of BGP AS path loops have been studied by Refs. [18,19]. Moreover, the private AS number leaking in BGP AS path information has also been mentioned by Refs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 91%

Measuring BGP AS path looping (BAPL) and private AS number leaking (PANL)

Zhang

Liu

Pei

et al. 2018

Tinshhua Sci. Technol.

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As a path vector protocol, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) messages contain an entire Autonomous System (AS) path to each destination for breaking arbitrary long AS path loops. However, after observing the global routing data from RouteViews, we find that BGP AS Path Looping (BAPL) behavior does occur and in fact can lead to multi-AS forwarding loops in both IPv4 and IPv6. The number and ratio of BAPLs in IPv4 and IPv6 on a daily basis from August 1, 2011 to August 31, 2015 are analyzed. Moreover, the distribution of BAPLs among duration and loop length in IPv4 and IPv6 are also studied. Several possible explanations for BAPL are discussed in this paper. Private AS Number Leaking (PANL) has contributed to 0.20% of BAPLs in IPv4, and at least 1.76% of BAPLs in IPv4 were attributed to faulty configurations and malicious attacks. Valid explanations, including networks of multinational companies, preventing particular AS from accepting routes, also can lead to BAPLs. Motivated by the large number of PANLs that contribute to BAPLs, we also study the number and the ratio of PANLs per day in the 1492 days. The distribution of the private AS numbers in all of the PANLs is concentrated, and most of them are located in the source of the AS paths. The majority of BAPLs resulted from PANLs endure less than one day, and the number of BAPLs which are caused by two or more leaked private ASes are much larger than that of BAPLs which are caused by one leaked private AS. We explain for this phenomenon and give some advices for the operators of ASes.

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“…Methods of detection of BGP AS path loops have been studied by Refs. [18,19]. Moreover, the private AS number leaking in BGP AS path information has also been mentioned by Refs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 91%

Measuring BGP AS path looping (BAPL) and private AS number leaking (PANL)

Zhang

Liu

Pei

et al. 2018

Tinshhua Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…Many studies have addressed the oscillations and looping problems of IBGP (e.g., [3], [16], [17], [31], [34], [44]). Over the years, the BGP specification has been augmented to account for the use of route reflectors and has added more path attributes in an attempt to avoid routing loops due to route reflectors [4].…”

Section: B Bgp Analysis and Extensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eliminating Routing Loops and Oscillations in BGP Using Total Ordering

Garcia-Luna-Aceves

2022

2022 IEEE 47th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)

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OPERA is a framework recently introduced that formalizes routing etiquettes based on path information. New rules derived from OPERA to provide total ordering among paths are added to the policy mechanisms used in IBGP and EBGP, which results in OPERA-based BGP (OBGP). OBGP is a complete loop-free inter-domain multi-path routing solution based on IBGP and EBGP. OBGP is proven to be stable and loop-free at every instant. Well-known examples of systems in which IBGP and EBGP do not converge are used to illustrate the benefits of OBGP.

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“…In Walton et al [13] solution, a reflector finds one best path through each of the neighboring AS and advertises this per AS best path if this path's local preference and AS sequence length values are equal to the reflector's overall best path's corresponding attributes. Basu et al [12] have showed a counter-example to Walton's solution.…”

Section: Med-induced Divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, the system progresses normally according to its routing policies, unless divergence occurs. Furthermore, contrary to other proposed solutions [9], [12], [13], our approach preserves the efficiency of iBGP by having each reflector disseminate only a single path to each of its peers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Enforcing IBGP convergence

Musunuri

Cobb

Proceedings. 2004 12th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON 2004) (IEEE Cat. No.04EX955)

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Abstract-BGP routers within an Autonomous System (AS) exchange their inter-AS routing information via the internal Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP). Within an AS, every BGP router needs to maintain an iBGP peering session with every border BGP router. This peering scheme fails to scale due to the large number of iBGP peering sessions required. Current solutions to this scalability limitation divide the AS into clusters, with a distinguished router, know as the reflector, acting as a representative of the cluster. Clustering, however, introduces routing anomalies, such as permanent routing loops and failure to reach a stable route to the destination. Furthermore, these anomalies are worsened by the multi-exit discriminator value used by BGP to differentiate multiple links connecting the same pair of AS'ms. In this paper, we present a simple enhancement to iBGP that prevents these routing anomalies. It requires minimal overhead, and contrary to other proposed solutions, preserves the efficiency of iBGP by having each reflector disseminate only a single path to each of its peers.

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Solutions for BGP Persistent Route Oscillation

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Measuring BGP AS path looping (BAPL) and private AS number leaking (PANL)

Measuring BGP AS path looping (BAPL) and private AS number leaking (PANL)

Eliminating Routing Loops and Oscillations in BGP Using Total Ordering

Enforcing IBGP convergence

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