Cholesterol directs the pathway of ligand-induced G protein-coupled
receptor (GPCR) signal transduction. The GPCR C–C motif chemokine
receptor 3 (CCR3) is the principal chemotactic receptor for eosinophils,
with roles in cancer metastasis and autoinflammatory conditions. Recently,
we discovered a direct correlation between bilayer cholesterol and
increased agonist-triggered CCR3 signal transduction. However, the
allosteric molecular mechanism escalating ligand affinity and G protein
coupling is unknown. To study cholesterol-guided CCR3 conformational
selection, we implement comparative, objective measurement of protein
architectures by scoring shifts (COMPASS) to grade model structures
from molecular dynamics simulations. In this workflow, we scored predicted
chemical shifts against 2-dimensional solid-state NMR 13C–13C correlation spectra of U–15N,13C-CCR3 samples prepared with and without cholesterol.
Our analysis of trajectory model structures uncovers that cholesterol
induces site-specific conformational restraint of extracellular loop
(ECL) 2 and conserved motion in transmembrane helices and ECL3 not
observed in simulations of bilayers with only phosphatidylcholine
lipids. PyLipID analysis implicates direct cholesterol agency in CCR3
conformational selection and dynamics. Residue–residue contact
scoring shows that cholesterol biases the conformational selection
of the orthosteric pocket involving Y411.39, Y1133.32, and E2877.39. Lastly, we observe contact remodeling
in activation pathway residues centered on the initial transmission
switch, Na+ pocket, and R3.50 in the DRY motif.
Our observations have unique implications for understanding of CCR3
ligand recognition and specificity and provide mechanistic insight
into how cholesterol functions as an allosteric regulator of CCR3
signal transduction.