Solution‐Processed, Photo‐Patternable Fluorinated Sol–Gel Hybrid Materials as a Bio‐Fluidic Barrier for Flexible Electronic Systems

Abstract

Reports have recently been published on ultrathin biofluid barriers, which enable the long‐term measurement of biological signals and exhibit conformability on nonlinear surfaces such as skin and organs. However, inorganic‐ and organic‐based barriers have process incompatibility and high water permeability, respectively. Siloxane‐ (inorganic) based fluorinated epoxy (organic) hybrid materials (FEH) are demonstrated for bio‐fluidic barrier and the biocompatibility and barrier performance for flexible electronic systems as solution‐processed oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on 1.2 µm thick polyimide (PI) thin film substrate is confirmed. FEH thin film can be patterned as small as 10 µm through conventional photolithography. The fabricated solution‐processed indium oxide TFTs with FEH barriers exhibit durable performance over 16 h with no dramatic change of transfer characteristics in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) environment. Furthermore, to realize FEH barriers for flexible systems, the solution‐processed indium oxide TFTs with FEH barriers on ultrathin PI substrate are demonstrated subjected to compression test and successfully measure the electrical properties with no irreversible degradation during 1000 cycles of mechanical testing in PBS.

Linnaeite Mineral for NIR Light-Triggered Disruption of Alzheimer’s Pore-Forming Aβ Oligomers

“…We expected that linnaeite nanoparticles capable of dissociating the three-dimensional structure of the βPFOs can ameliorate Aβ-associated toxicity. To assess the biocompatibility and mitigating effects of linnaeite nanoparticles, we introduced performed LIVE/DEAD staining and alamarBlue assays on the Neuro2a (N2a) mouse neuroblastoma cell line The LIVE/DEAD staining assay evaluates the cellular states by imaging green (live) and red (dead) based on the biochemical conversion of calcein acetoxymethyl ester and ethidium homodimer-1, respectively. , The alamarBlue assay evaluates live cell populations by measuring mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity through the intracellular reduction of nonfluorescent resazurin into fluorescent resorufin . To verify the biocompatibility of linnaeite nanoparticles, we incubated N2a cells with linnaeite nanoparticles and evaluated the cellular states at 1 and 3 days by merging the LIVE/DEAD staining assay and bright-field microscopy images.…”

Near-Infrared-Active Copper Molybdenum Sulfide Nanocubes for Phonon-Mediated Clearance of Alzheimer’s β-Amyloid Aggregates

“…To investigate the biocompatibility and alleviating effects of CMS nanocubes, we employed PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line and in vitro analysis methods such as LIVE/DEAD assay, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and bright-field microscopy. The LIVE/DEAD assay allows the ability to distinguish live and dead cells by staining with green and red color, respectively, , and the CCK-8 assay serves to represent the living cell population by measuring the cellular dehydrogenase activity. , To evaluate the biocompatibility of CMS nanocubes, we incubated PC12 cells with CMS nanocubes and stained them using the LIVE/DEAD assay kit on the first and third days of culture. According to our results (Figure A), PC12 cells exhibited high viability and proliferative activity in the presence of CMS nanocubes.…”

“…To conduct the CCK-8 assay, PC12 cells were spread at a density of 25 000 cells well –1 in a 96-well plate with 100 μL of the complete growth media and allowed to adhere to the 96-well plate for 24 h. Afterward, the PC12 cells were incubated in various concentrations of CMS nanocubes (0–0.5 mg mL –1 , in the cell media) for 24 h to ensure the biocompatibility of the CMS nanocubes. To confirm the alleviation effect of the CMS nanocubes on the toxic Aβ fibrils, the PC12 cells were incubated with the treated Aβ species (10 μM) for 48 h. After that, the results of the CCK-8 assay were collected by following the protocol in the literature , using a microplate reader (Victor 3, PerkinElmer Inc., United States). All values in the CCK-8 assay represented the mean ± standard deviation ( n = 3) with statistical analysis using Student’s t test.…”

Metal–Organic Framework-Derived Carbon as a Photoacoustic Modulator of Alzheimer’s β-Amyloid Aggregate Structure

“…For proceeding the LIVE/DEAD assay, N2a cells were subcultured in a cell culture dish (growth area: 9.24 cm 2 ) at a density of 200,000 cells per well and incubated for 24 h. Then 500 μL of MOFC solution with a concentration of 0.250 mg mL –1 was injected into the cell culture dish. N2a cells were further incubated for 7 days in the growth medium containing MOFC nanoparticles and stained by LIVE/DEAD assay kit consisting of calcein AM and ethidium homodimer-1 as referred to in the literature. , The LIVE/DEAD assay results were obtained by a fluorescence microscope (Eclipse 80i, Nikon Inc., Japan). MTS assay is a colorimetric method that determines live cells by measuring the absorbance of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H -tetrazolium reagent.…”

“…N2a cells were further incubated for 7 days in the growth medium containing MOFC nanoparticles and stained by LIVE/DEAD assay kit consisting of calcein AM and ethidium homodimer-1 as referred to in the literature. 65,66 The LIVE/DEAD assay results were obtained by a fluorescence microscope (Eclipse 80i, Nikon Inc., Japan). MTS assay is a colorimetric method that determines live cells by measuring the absorbance of 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium reagent.…”