Solution-processed colloidal quantum dots for light emission

Osypiw, Alexander; Lee, Sanghyo; Jung, Sung‐Min; Leoni, Stefano; Smowton, Peter M.; Hou, Bo; Kim, Jong Min; Amaratunga, G.A.J.

doi:10.1039/d2ma00375a

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…), operational (i.e., stability, brightness, efficiency), and spectral (i.e., linewidth, spectral purity) parameters. 13,14,[21][22][23] Colloidal QDs have emerged over the last 25 years as promising materials for overcoming several of these issues. 14 While QDs possess several desirable properties for emissive applications (high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), solution processibility, small size, high photo-stability), their tunable emission wavelengths across the visible spectrum and narrow emission linewidths are fueling the pursuit of QD emitters for next generation, ultra-high resolution wide color gamut displays.…”

Section: -Displays and Light Emitting Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,21,23,24,30,35 Despite examples of QLEDs outperforming other state-of-the-art emitters in terms of linewidth and efficiency, issues with their implementation and subsequent performance in devices serves as a bottleneck to production on an industrial scale. 21,22 For QLEDs to be a viable commercial product moving forward, progress on patterning, device engineering, and subsequent performance is crucial.…”

Section: -Displays and Light Emitting Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design rules for obtaining narrow luminescence from semiconductors made in solution

Nguyen

Dixon

Dou

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Solution processed semiconductors are in demand for present and next-generation optoelectronic technologies ranging from displays to quantum light sources because of their scalability and ease of integration into devices with diverse form factors. One of the central requirements of semiconductors used in all these applications is a narrow photoluminescence (PL) linewidth. Narrow emission linewidths are needed to ensure both color and single-photon purity, raising the question of what design rules are needed to obtain narrow emission from semiconductors made in solution. In this review we first examine the requirements for colloidal emitters for a variety of applications including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and quantum information science. Next, we will delve into the sources of spectral broadening, including homogeneous broadening from dynamical broadening mechanisms in single-particle spectra, heterogeneous broadening from static structural differences in ensemble spectra, and spectral diffusion. Then, we compare the current state of the art in terms of emission linewidth for a variety of colloidal materials including II-VI quantum dots (QDs) and nanoplatelets, III-V QDs, alloyed QDs, metal-halide perovskites including nanocrystals and 2D structures, doped nanocrystals, and, finally, as a point of comparison, organic molecules. We end with some conclusions and connections, with an outline of promising paths forward.

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Section: -Displays and Light Emitting Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Displays and Light Emitting Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design rules for obtaining narrow luminescence from semiconductors made in solution

Nguyen

Dixon

Dou

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…[ 143 ] Currently, the most widely studied QDs are core–shell cadmium (Cd)‐based QDs in the biomedical fluorescent imaging and the QD display industry, with CdSe/CdTe as the core and ZnS/ZnSe as the surface layer. [ 145 ] ) This structure not only gives high luminescence yields and good photochemical stability, but also prevents toxicity due to Cd leakage. In core–shell QDs, the surface properties are mainly related to the molecules covering their shell surfaces, instead of the QD‐core materials.…”

Section: Toxicity Reduction Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity and Sustainability of Emerging Pb‐Based Photovoltaics

Yan

Feng

et al. 2022

Solar RRL

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Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are established as a highly promising next-generation photovoltaics (PVs) technology due to their superior optoelectronic properties, such as high light absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier excitation, and transport ability. [1][2][3][4][5] In just a few years, it has achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 25.7%, comparable to silicon PVs. [6][7][8][9] While Pb-based PSCs exhibit exceptional promise for mass production, [10][11][12] there are growing concerns about their environmental impact due to the potential toxicity and leaching of harmful Pb species throughout their lifetime.Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are another promising candidate for the nextgeneration PV application, which has received enormous attention because of the excellent optical and electronic properties enabled by their unique size-dependent quantum confinement. [13][14][15] Pb chalcogenide QDs (e.g., PbS, PbSe) are among the most promising nanoparticle (NP) materials in PVs, with certified PCEs as high as 13.8% in PbS QDSCs. [16,17] The low-cost and scalable solution-based processing methods can offer QDs a wide range of bandgaps, and generally better stability than organic chromophores. Despite the continuously increasing PCEs of QDSCs, device stability remains a significant challenge for industrial applications. Beyond PV, QDs have further demonstrated their promising application in biomedical imaging, display and electronics industries. Similar to Pb-based PSCs, growing concerns also arise from their potential Pb 2þ toxicity, Emerging Pb-based photovoltaic (PV) technologies, including in particular solution processed halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and Pb chalcogenide quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs), are among the most promising next-generation PV technologies for a range of disruptive energy and electronic applications. However, the potential toxicity and leakage of hazardous Pb species have become one of the main barriers to their large-scale application. When solar cells are subject to physical damage or failure of encapsulation, rapid leakage of Pb may occur, which can be accelerated by exposure to external environmental weathering conditions such as rainfall and elevated temperature. Herein, an in-depth investigation on the essential role of Pb in PSCs and QDSCs, as well as common causes of Pb leakage, is undertaken. The hazardous effects of Pb toxicity on soil plants, bacteria, animals, and human cells are also evaluated. Recent progress in developing effective strategies for Pb leakage reduction, such as Pb-free or Pb-less perovskite materials, device architecture design, encapsulation absorbers for PSCs, and core-shell structure and ligand exchange method for QDSCs, in addition to Pb recycling strategies of end-of-life solar cells are summarized. This review provides quantitative insights into the future development of eco-friendly emerging Pb-based PV technologies.

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“…Inorganic QDs have narrower electroluminescence (EL) spectra and higher quantum yield (QY) than conventional organic light-emitting materials [ 2 , 3 ]. In addition, QDs have the advantage of low-cost mass production of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) through solution-based manufacturing technology [ 4 ]. Owing to these advantages, QDs are in the spotlight as light-emitting layers for next-generation displays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Performance of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Using Solution-Processable Highly Conductive Spinel Structure CuCo2O4 Hole Injection Layer

et al. 2023

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Charge imbalance in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) causes emission degradation. Therefore, many studies focused on improving hole injection into the QLEDs-emitting layer owing to lower hole conductivity compared to electron conductivity. Herein, CuCo2O4 has a relatively higher hole conductivity than other binary oxides and can induce an improved charge balance. As the annealing temperature decreases, the valence band maximum (VBM) of CuCo2O4 shifts away from the Fermi energy level (EF), resulting in an enhanced hole injection through better energy level alignment with hole transport layer. The maximum luminance and current efficiency of the CuCo2O4 hole injection layer (HIL) of the QLED were measured as 93,607 cd/m2 and 11.14 cd/A, respectively, resulting in a 656% improvement in luminous performance of QLEDs compared to conventional metal oxide HIL-based QLEDs. These results demonstrate that the electrical properties of CuCo2O4 can be improved by adjusting the annealing temperature, suggesting that solution-processed spinel can be applied in various optoelectronic devices.

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Solution-processed colloidal quantum dots for light emission

Abstract: Quantum Dots (QDs) are an emerging class of photoactive material that exhibit extraordinary optical features. Due to the availability of narrowband emitted light from QDs, they can be used to...

Cited by 27 publications

References 106 publications

Design rules for obtaining narrow luminescence from semiconductors made in solution

Design rules for obtaining narrow luminescence from semiconductors made in solution

Ecotoxicity and Sustainability of Emerging Pb‐Based Photovoltaics

Enhancing the Performance of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Using Solution-Processable Highly Conductive Spinel Structure CuCo2O4 Hole Injection Layer

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