“…Among them, functionalized, cruciform-shaped, conjugated fluorophores are well-known because they exhibit interesting optoelectronic properties due to their special, multi-conjugated-pathway structures. Examples of cruciform-shaped phores are the 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted(phenylethynyl) benzenes of Haley et al (Marsden et al, 2005), the X-shaped 1,2,4,5-tetravinyl-benzenes of Marks et al , the 1,4-bis(arylethynyl)-2,5-distyrylbenzenes of Bunz et al (Wilson Bunz, 2005), and other cross-shaped fluorophores developed by Nuckolls et al (Miao et al, 2006) and Scherf et al (Zen et al, 2006). Therefore, their seminal studies on the structure-property relationships for those materials provided valuable information for the molecular design of material as model systems or promising candidates toward highperformance optoelectronic devices.…”