Solution‐Processable Near‐Infrared–Responsive Composite of Perovskite Nanowires and Photon‐Upconversion Nanoparticles

Abstract

Organolead halide perovskites (OHPs) have shown unprecedented potentials in optoelectronics. However, the inherent large bandgap has restrained its working wavelength within 280-800 nm, while light at other regions, e.g., near-infrared (NIR), may cause drastic thermal heating effect that goes against the duration of OHP devices, if not properly exploited. Herein, a solution processable and large-scale synthesis of multifunctional OHP composites containing lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is reported. Upon NIR illumination, the upconverted photons from UCNPs at 520-550 nm can be efficiently absorbed by closely surrounded OHP nanowires (NWs) and photocurrent is subsequently generated. The narrow full width at half maximum of the absorption of rare earth ions (Yb 3+ and Er 3+ ) has ensured high-selective NIR response. Lifetime characterizations have suggested that Förster resonance energy transfer with an efficiency of 28.5% should be responsible for the direct energy transfer from UCNPs to OHP NWs. The fabricated proof-of-concept device has showcased perfect response to NIR light at 980 and 1532 nm, which has paved new avenues for applications of such composites in remote control, distance measurement, and stealth materials.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201801782. mobility, tunable direct bandgap, long electron-hole diffusion distance, as well as the merits of low-cost and earth-abundant, organolead halide perovskites (OHPs) with a general chemical formula of APbX 3 (A = organic ammonium cation, X = halide anion) have recently drawn unprecedented attention as a type of photoactive materials with competitive performance in the areas of optical, electronic, and optoelectronic devices. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] A typical example is the exponentially increased studies on perovskite in solar energy conversion, the effort from which has pushed rapid and continuous improvement of the energy conversion efficiency from originally 3.8% to currently 22.1%, making it one of the most promising materials toward commercialization. [8][9][10][11][12] In addition, OHP has also shown extraordinary potentials in other areas ranging from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to photodetectors, nonlinear optical devices, lasers, and X-ray sensors. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Unfortunately, as a typical light harvesting material with excellent performance, a common but intrinsic blemish of pure OHP at both bulk and the nanoscale is that it can only convert part of the UV-visible light (280-800 nm) in the standard AM1.5G sunlight spectrum (280-2500 nm) into electric signals due to the medium bandgap determined by both the chemical composition and crystal structure. [21][22][23] Thus, near-infrared (NIR) light that possesses ≈52% of the total solar irradiance may generate drastic thermal heating effect that shortens the duration of the relevant devices, while the solar energy conversion efficiency may be further increased if properly utilized...

Modular Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Polyelectrolytes, Nanoparticles, and Molecular Catalysts into Solar‐to‐Chemical Energy Conversion Devices

“…In particular, we synthesized NaYF4:Yb/Tm@NaYF4 core/shell UCNPs with an average diameter of 28 nm, which can upconvert NIR to visible light (Figure b, and Figure S11, Supporting Information). Because upconversion is a non‐linear optical process, its efficiency is typically very low (<3%) . To improve its efficiency, we assembled UCNPs and plasmonic AgNPs together.…”

NIR-excitable heterostructured upconversion perovskite nanodots with improved stability

“…Material A and B were first synthesized, and an intermediate molecule cucurbituril was used to link the two materials to obtain AB composite material. The composite of perovskite NWs and UCNPs was synthesized at room temperature using PVP as a template 27 . First, the PVP-modified UCNPs were synthesized, and they were mixed with Pb(OA) 2 , which was a perovskite NWs precursor.…”

Physical Manipulation of Lanthanide‐Activated Photoluminescence

“…In contrast to other types of luminescent materials such as organic fluorescent materials and semiconducting quantum dots, lanthanide-activated luminescence shows distinctive advantages, such as sharp multi-peak emission, large Stokes/anti-Stokes shift, long lifetime, and excellent photostability. [3] The unique luminescent characteristics and energy transfer variety impart lanthanide materials great potentials in a wide range of fields, including but not limited to display and lighting, [4,5] laser, [6] information security, [7][8][9][10] sensing and detection, [11][12][13][14][15] biological imaging and therapy, [16][17][18] photocatalysis, and optoelectronic device. [2] Downshifting and quantum cutting belong to the conventional Stokes process where the emission energy is lower than the excitation energy.…”