Solution-processable multicolor TiO2/polyaniline nanocomposite for integrated bifunctional electrochromic energy storage device

Metal oxide-mixed polymer-based hybrid electrochromic supercapacitor: improved efficiency and dual band switching

“…Upon reversing the bias, the device regains its magenta color, as the P3HT returns to its neutral state, while at the same time WO 3 is oxidized, reestablishing its original W (VI) state. The maximum optical modulation [56,57] of 11.2% occurs at 515 nm in the visible range, corresponding to the color contrast value of 50.5%, calculated using equation ( 4). The high color contrast of the device is due to the complementary redox active nature of the device with complementary color.…”

A layer-stacked NiO nanowire/nanosheet homostructure for electrochromic smart windows with ultra-large optical modulation

“…The TiO 2 precursor sol was first prepared by a previously reported sol–gel method. 22 Then, the precursor sol was transformed into white suspension by hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C for 12 h. TiO 2 thin films were further prepared by the electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) method. 1 mg mL −1 of ink was then prepared by mixing 2 mL of the hydrothermal suspension with 10 mL of deionized water and ethanol (v : v, 1 : 1), and a DC voltage of 19 kV was applied to drive the ink in the metal needles to be sprayed to the FTO substrate at a flow rate of 0.6 mL h −1 .…”

Recent Advance in Electrochromic Materials and Devices for Display Applications

“…However, some issues persist, such as slow response. Zhang et al [79] combined the electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique with the electrochemical deposition (EPM) technique to produce a large-sized nano-TiO 2 /PANI composite film, as illustrated in Figure 11(a). The composite film shows a vivid color variation from purple (0.8 V) to green (0.2 V), to olivine (À 0.2 V), and finally to gray (À 0.7 V) (Figure 11(b)).…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [79] Copyright 2023, Elsevier. indicated in Figures 13(c)-(f), these materials possess the capability of self-healing.…”

“…However, some issues persist, such as slow response. Zhang et al [79] . combined the electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique with the electrochemical deposition (EPM) technique to produce a large‐sized nano‐TiO 2 /PANI composite film, as illustrated in Figure 11(a).…”