Solution combustion synthesis of crystalline V₂O₃ and amorphous V₂O₃/C as anode for lithium‐ion battery

Abstract

In this paper, crystalline V 2 O 3 and amorphous V 2 O 3 /C products are synthesized via one-pot solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method (completed within 2 minutes).The characteristics of combustion products could be tuned by changing the amounts of glucose. The as-synthesized crystalline V 2 O 3 nanopowder consists of nanoparticles with average size of ~100 nm. Amorphous V 2 O 3 /C composite exhibits large porous microsheet structure in which oxygen vacancy-enabled amorphous V 2 O 3 particles are embedded into N-doped carbon microsheets. The existence of oxygen vacancies can promote energetics for the transport of electrons and ions and maintain the integrity of sample surface morphology. Moreover, N-doping can enhance electrical conductivity and promote the diffusion of electrons and lithium ions. Amorphous V 2 O 3 /C composite possesses high reversible capacity and superior cycling stability (833 mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 after 250 cycles, 867 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 after 100 cycles), indicating its potential as excellent anode material for lithium-ion battery. The proposed one-step, time-and energy-efficient SCS method has the potential to prepare other oxygen vacancy-enabled transition metal oxides for energy storage. K E Y W O R D Slithium-ion battery, nitrogen-doping, oxygen vacancy, solution combustion synthesis, vanadium trioxide 2644 | WU et al. SUPPORTING INFORMATIONAdditional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Wu H, Zhang Z, Qin M, et al. Solution combustion synthesis of crystalline V 2 O 3 and amorphous V 2 O 3 /C as anode for lithium-ion battery. J Am Ceram Soc. 2020;103:2643-2652. https ://doi.

One-Pot Synthesized Amorphous Cobalt Sulfide With Enhanced Electrochemical Performance as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…The reversible capabilities of the amorphous CoS-140 sample are 1,450 mAh/g, 1,170 mAh/g, 958 mAh/g, and 815 mAh/g at 100 mA/g, 200 mA/g, 500 mA/g, and 800 mA/g, and the capabilities increase to 889 mAh/g, 1,015 mAh/g, and 1,047 mAh/g when back to 500 mA/g, 200 mA/g, and 100 mA/g, indicating the excellent rate capability. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the amorphous sample could result from the more active sites due to the more defects and the improved ability of the volume accommodation because of the isotropic nature and the absence of grain boundaries for the amorphous structure ( Li et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2013 ; Wu et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020b ; Duan et al, 2021 ; Wu et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Amorphous nanostructures always have more defects, which will provide more active sites. Furthermore, the isotropic nature and the absence of grain boundaries for amorphous nanostructures could improve the capacity to sustain high strain and the insertion of lithium ions, which is helpful to inhibit the volume expansion ( Liu et al, 2013 ; Lu et al, 2018 ; Wu et al, 2019 ; Duan et al, 2021 ; Wu et al, 2021 ). Zhao et al reported that the amorphous VO(PO 3 ) 2 exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 1,297 mA h/g and a reversible capacity of 676 mA h/g after 150 cycles at the current of 100 mA/g, which is much higher than those of crystalline VO(PO 3 ) 2 due to the isotropic ions diffusion paths ( Wu et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Zhao et al reported that the amorphous VO(PO 3 ) 2 exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 1,297 mA h/g and a reversible capacity of 676 mA h/g after 150 cycles at the current of 100 mA/g, which is much higher than those of crystalline VO(PO 3 ) 2 due to the isotropic ions diffusion paths ( Wu et al, 2021 ). Wu et al reported that amorphous V 2 O 3 /C composite exhibited higher reversible capacity and superior cycling stability than crystalline V 2 O 3 /C composite, which accounted for the oxygen vacancies and amorphous phase ( Wu et al, 2019 ). Yang et al reported that compared to the crystalline Sn@C anodes, better rate capability, longer cycle life, and higher capacity had been observed for amorphous Sn@C anodes because of the defect sites and the improved strain regulation ( Duan et al, 2021 ).…”

Revealing the Multi‐Electron Reaction Mechanism of Na3V2O2(PO4)2F Towards Improved Lithium Storage

“…After discharged to 0 V (stage E), two generated new peaks of V 2p 3/2 at 515.3 eV and V 2p 1/2 at 522.8 eV can be assigned to V 2 + , showing the further reduction of V 3 + to V 2 + . [24] However, the exhibited capacity of 966.7 mAh g À 1 is much higher compared with the capacity calculated from the valence change of V 5 + to V 2 + (six Li ions insertion, � 440 mAh g À 1 ), confirming ,c) Ex-situ XPS spectra of pristine NVOPF/G and stages of A to I. Crystal structure illustration of the sample (d) at initial state, (e) charged to 4.8 V, (f) discharged to 2.5 V, (g) discharged to 1.0 V, and (h) discharged to 0 V. the existence of irreversible side reactions during the discharge process.…”

Molecular‐Level Encapsulation Strategy: Host–Guest‐Inclusion‐Complex‐Derived Carbon‐Encapsulated Nanocomposites for High Performance Lithium‐Ion Storage

“…[38] In the high-resolution V 2p XPS spectrum (Figure 2f), V 2P 3/2 can be fitted into two peaks of 516.0 eV for V 2+ and 517.4 eV for V 3+ , whereas the V 2p 1/2 peak is fitted into two peaks of 523.1 eV for V 2+ and 524.8 eV for V 3+ , which is another proof for the formation of V 2 O 3 . [39] In order to verify the structure advantage of the carbon encapsulation, the as-prepared V 2 O 3 ⊂C and V 2 O 3 /C are assembled into CR2025 coin cells with lithium foil as the counter electrode, respectively. The thickness and area mass loading of the fabricated electrode films are about 8-10 μm and 1.2-1.5 mg cm −2 , respectively.…”