Solution-combustion synthesis and eletroconductivity of CaZrO3

Oxide material synthesis by combustion of organic-inorganic compositions

“…; a -cobalt, lanthanum, strontium nitrates; b -the same with PVA introduced Calculation of precursor combustion reactions is usually carried out based on the condition of carbon dioxide, water and molecular nitrogen release as evolved gaseous products (see for instance [94,112,118,202]). The defined ratio between the nitrate part of the system and the organic component is considered stoichiometric, which corresponds to the imputation rate ϕ = 1.…”

“…In this respect, the experiments on the measurement of the real temperature-time combustion parameters are deemed quite interesting. Such experiments have been implemented, in particular, by synthesis of calcium zirconate CaZrO 3 [112,118] as a practically important material for producing dielectric and refractory ceramics, a component of the photocatalytic and luminescent systems, solid electrolytes with different conductivity. Calcium metazirconate was synthesized by the SCS method [203], using various organic reagents such as β-alanine [204], citric acid [205,206] or citric acid with urea [207], glycine [138,208] for the combustion reaction.…”

“…Calcium metazirconate was synthesized by the SCS method [203], using various organic reagents such as β-alanine [204], citric acid [205,206] or citric acid with urea [207], glycine [138,208] for the combustion reaction. To determine the combustion parameters in [112,118], the synthesis was carried out in glycine-nitrate systems. To achieve reproducible results, they provided the same geometry of the reaction vessel and the same type of solvent evaporation.…”

“…Since the previous section addressed the occurrence of charges in precursors, we should comment on the ability to control the properties of materials using this phenomenon. There are ratios of organic components and nitrates which correspond to the most intensive SCS flow and the maximum thermal generation during the reaction (see, for example [94,96,112,118,213]). However, more significant charge accumulation was observed in compositions containing a substantial excess of the organic component.…”

“…We should note here that these impurity phases do not interfere with the successful use of materials in many cases [126,130,158,160,165,169,201,212], although it is sometimes necessary to make the material be single-phase [94,96,99,106,107,112,118,159,169]. Heterogeneous solid-phase systems are used in catalysis where the impurity phases often play the role of promoters and co-catalysts, as in the silver-inclusive lanthanum manganites [126,130,158,160].…”