Solution and latex properties of model alkali‐soluble rheology modifiers, synthesized via the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer process, and the effects of the ethylene oxide chain length on the rheological properties

Sprong, Ewan; Wet-Roos, Deon De; Tonge, Matthew P.; Sanderson, Ronald D.

doi:10.1002/polb.20120

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Polyacrylamide (PAm) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) were chosen as the water-soluble stabilizing blocks to be associated with PIL in DHBCs. The synthesis of the former polymer and of related DHBCs by RAFT is well documented. , In contrast, only a few reports have been dedicated to RAFT (block) polymerization of MAA. – Yang and Cheng first investigated the kinetics of RAFT polymerization of this monomer using carboxymethyl dithiobenzoate as CTA . In the following lines, we first describe the synthesis of well-defined PMAA and PILs by RAFT (Scheme ) before that of the IL-based DHBCs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis by RAFT and Ionic Responsiveness of Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers Based on Ionic Liquid Monomer Units

et al. 2008

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Three imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) monomers, namely, 3-(1-ethyl imidazolium-3yl)propylmethacrylamido bromide (IL-1), 2-(1-methylimidazolium-3-yl)ethyl methacrylate bromide (IL-2), and 2-(1-ethylimidazolium-3-yl)ethyl methacrylate bromide (IL-3), and methacrylic acid (MAA) were polymerized by the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process in methanolic solutions at 70 °C, using either 2-cyanopropyl dithiobenzoate (CTA-1) or (4-cyanopentanoic acid)-4-dithiobenzoate (CTA-2) as chain transfer agents (CTAs). Under these conditions, polymers exhibited molar masses predetermined by the initial molar ratio of the monomers to the dithioester precursor, as evidenced by 1 H NMR spectroscopy from chain ends analysis. These hydrophilic polymers were subsequently used as macro-CTAs in chain extension experiments in aqueous or in alcoholic solutions, affording IL-based double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) of the type PIL-1-b-PAm, PMAA-b-PIL-2 and PMAA-b-PIL-3, where PAm and PIL stand for polyacrylamide and polymeric ionic liquid. These DHBCs could be further manipulated and made to self-assemble in micelle-like structures in water by exchanging the bromide (Br -) counteranion of IL blocks for -N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 . This anion exchange indeed turned the solution properties of the PIL blocks from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, as verified on the corresponding IL-based homopolymers which were immiscible with water after the anion switch. Investigations by 1 H NMR evidenced that the diblock copolymers exhibited salt-responsive behavior in aqueous solutions: anion exchange induced the formation of water-soluble micellar aggregates consisting of hydrophobic -N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 -based IL blocks at the core stabilized by water-soluble PAm or PMAA at the shell.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis by RAFT and Ionic Responsiveness of Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers Based on Ionic Liquid Monomer Units

et al. 2008

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“…Another elegant solution to the problem of the transfer of the CTA in the aqueous phase was proposed by Apostolovic et al,227 who used cyclodextrins to encapsulate the hydrophobic CTA and facilitate its transport across the water phase to the polymer particles. RAFT/MADIX‐mediated emulsion polymerization has also been used to produce latexes71, 212, 215, 228 and core–shell particles 213, 216. Recently, the CAMD team reported the successful use of RAFT in the suspension polymerization of MMA mediated by 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate.…”

Section: Polymerization Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular design via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/xanthates (MADIX) polymerization

Perrier

Takolpuckdee

2005

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

1,142

1,042

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Among the living radical polymerization techniques, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthates (MADIX) polymerizations appear to be the most versatile processes in terms of the reaction conditions, the variety of monomers for which polymerization can be controlled, tolerance to functionalities, and the range of polymeric architectures that can be produced. This review highlights the progress made in RAFT/MADIX polymerization since the first report in 1998. It addresses, in turn, the mechanism and kinetics of the process, examines the various components of the system, including the synthesis paths of the thiocarbonyl-thio compounds used as chain-transfer agents, and the conditions of polymerization, and gives an account of the wide range of monomers that have been successfully polymerized to date, as well as the various polymeric architectures that have been produced. In the last section, this review describes the future challenges that the process will face and shows its opening to a wider scientific community as a synthetic tool for the production of functional macromolecules and materials.

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“…. [125] EtOEA [264] -C(Me)(CN)CH 2 CH(Me) 2 MMA [124] -C(Me)(CN)CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H MAA a) [109] MMA [67,339] a) [109,143] b) [208] tBMA [153] DMAEMA [72,110,145,166] MAPS [160] DMAPS [169] c) [170] MAEHDMAB a) [143] MEPC [149,156] TFEMA [156] GluMA [172,173] MGluMA [173,174] Macro-MA a) [109] PEG-MA [100,160] MAm [178] DMAPMAm [179] HPMAm [180] MSASP [160] Sty [67,153,208] StySO 3 Na [67,72,110,235,236] StyCH 2 NH-(Me) 2 Cl [239] StyCH 2 N(Me) 3 Cl [235,236,239] DMHVBAC a) [143] DMVBAPS [169] BA a) …”

Section: Copolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Requirements for an Efficient Control of Free‐Radical Polymerizations via the Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Process

Favier

Charreyre

2006

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

433

347

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Summary: Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a recent and very versatile controlled radical polymerization technique that has enabled the synthesis of a wide range of macromolecules with well‐defined structures, compositions, and functionalities. The RAFT process is based on a reversible addition‐fragmentation reaction mediated by thiocarbonylthio compounds used as chain transfer agents (CTAs). A great variety of CTAs have been designed and synthesized so far with different kinds of substituents. In this review, all of the CTAs encountered in the literature from 1998 to date are reported and classified according to several criteria : i) the structure of their substituents, ii) the various monomers that they have been polymerized with, and iii) the type of polymerization that has been performed (solution, dispersed media, surface initiated, and copolymerization). Moreover, the influence of various parameters is discussed, especially the CTA structure relative to the monomer and the experimental conditions (temperature, pressure, initiation, CTA/initiator ratio, concentration), in order to optimise the kinetics and the efficiency of the molecular‐weight‐distribution control.

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Solution and latex properties of model alkali‐soluble rheology modifiers, synthesized via the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer process, and the effects of the ethylene oxide chain length on the rheological properties

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Synthesis by RAFT and Ionic Responsiveness of Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers Based on Ionic Liquid Monomer Units

Synthesis by RAFT and Ionic Responsiveness of Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers Based on Ionic Liquid Monomer Units

Macromolecular design via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/xanthates (MADIX) polymerization

Experimental Requirements for an Efficient Control of Free‐Radical Polymerizations via the Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Process

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