Solute transport at the pedon and polypedon scales

Radcliffe, D. E.; Gupte, S. M.; Box, J. E.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3021-1_7

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The authors suggested that in a natural structured soil where macrodispersion occurs, it would be possible that the average velocity of the solute could also differ at different scales. Scale dependence in solute travel time has been demonstrated recently by Radcliffe et al (1998) These authors suggest that the scale dependency was the result of hydrodynamic dispersion (macrodispersion).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…One of the first studies using TDR to measure solute transport in the field was performed by Kachanoski et al (1992) These authors also suggested the first simple calibration of the TDR for relative solute concentration measurements. Other studies followed, with a majority of them occurring in sand and loam soils (Jacques et al, 1998; Radcliffe et al, 1998; Rudolph et al, 1996). For example, Rudolph et al (1996) were able to analyze the spatial and temporal variability in solute transport at various depths in a 10‐m‐long sandy plot at the USGS Cape Cod Toxic‐Substances Hydrology Research Site with spatial and temporal resolutions of about 50 cm and 7.5 min, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detailed Characterization of Solute Transport in a Heterogeneous Field Soil

et al. 2001

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There is a necessity for improved physical understanding of solute transport processes in heterogeneous soil systems. In situ nondestructive techniques like time domain reflectometry (TDR) and fiber optic miniprobes (FOMPs) permit the collection of unique measurements of solute transport processes in soils for the purposes of model development and validation. This study examined the application of TDR and FOMPs to measure solute transport at various points laterally and at two depths in a heterogeneous clay-loam soil. A miscible displacement experiment was performed at a constant irrigation flux to examine the applicability of these probes to field soils. In their first application to a field soil, the FOMPs were successfully calibrated and performed well in measuring solute breakthrough curves. Two flow regimes were identified in the soil profile, the first where lateral spreading of the solute occurred in the surface horizon, followed by convergence into preferential flow pathways in the second transport zone. The measured transport response was heterogeneous with at least two identifiable vertical flow phases. It was demonstrated using transfer function modeling and data from a corresponding laboratory study that the FOMPs were measuring the slower phase, while the TDR probes captured a composite of the fast and slow phases. The combination of these two techniques may be a means to separate solute transport phases in heterogeneous media and relate laboratory column results to field studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

Detailed Characterization of Solute Transport in a Heterogeneous Field Soil

et al. 2001

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“…The utility of TDR probes to measure solute transport in soils has been examined predominantly in repacked and intact laboratory column studies (Mallants et al, 1996(Mallants et al, , 1994Persson and Berndtsson, 1998;Campbell et al, 1999). Field studies on level soils also have been performed and are becoming more common (Kachanoski et al, 1992;Rudolph et al, 1996;Jacques et al, 1998;Radcliffe et al, 1998;Garrido et al, 2001). The application of TDR for solute transport studies in hillslopes would be a non-destructive alternative to drainage pits, with the potential to collect data at multiple sampling locations.…”

Section: G Campbell M Ghodrati and Fgarridomentioning

confidence: 98%

Using time‐domain reflectometry to characterize shallow solute transport in an oak woodland hillslope in northern California, USA

Campbell

Ghodrati

Garrido

2002

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:The natural heterogeneity of water and solute movement in hillslope soils makes it difficult to accurately characterize the transport of surface-applied pollutants without first gathering spatially distributed hydrological data. This study examined the application of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to measure solute transport in hillslopes. Three different plot designs were used to examine the transport of a conservative tracer in the first 50 cm of a moderately sloping soil. In the first plot, which was designed to examine spatial variability in vertical transport in a 1Ð2 m 2 plot, a single probe per meter was found to adequately characterize vertical solute travel times. In addition, a dye and excavation study in this plot revealed lateral preferential flow in small macropores and a transport pattern where solute is focused vertically into preferential flow pathways. The bypass flow delivers solute deeper in the soil, where lateral flow occurs. The second plot, designed to capture both vertical and lateral flow, provided additional evidence confirming the flow patterns identified in the excavation of the first plot. The third plot was designed to examine lateral flow and once again preferential flow of the tracer was observed. In one instance rapid solute transport in this plot was estimated to occur in as little as 3% of the available pore space. Finally, it was demonstrated that the soil anisotropy, although partially responsible for lateral subsurface transport, may also homogenize the transport response across the hillslope by decreasing vertical solute spreading.

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“…The time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique, in soil physics, is a well-known geophysical method that permits simultaneous estimation of the bulk dielectric permittivity ε b (Topp et al 1980) and the bulk electrical conductivity EC b (Dalton et al 1984) of soils. Numerous researchers (Butters and Jury 1989;Radcliffe et al 1998;Mallants et al 1994;Persson and Berndtsson 2002;Severino et al 2010;Francisca and Montoro 2012;Dragonetti et al 2018;Comegna et al 2013aComegna et al , 2013bComegna et al , 2013cComegna et al , 2016Comegna et al , 2017Comegna et al , 2019Comegna et al , 2020 have demonstrated the high accuracy of the TDR technique for soil contaminant characterization. , exploiting these potentials, built a TDR-based methodology to usefully characterize contaminant movement in soils.…”

Section: Transport Model Linked To Tdr Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on the soil hydraulic and solute transport properties

Comegna

Dragonetti

Kodešová

et al. 2021

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The Mediterranean area concentrates the world’s largest production area of olive oil. The olive oil industry represents, in this basin, one of the leading sectors of the agri-food economy. Olive mill water (OMW) is the principal waste effluent produced by the olive oil industry. Due to its high pollution load, this aqueous by-product cannot be directly disposed of in domestic wastewater treatment plants (especially those with a biological treatment unit). Untreated OMW is currently used for agronomic purposes in several countries, mainly because it is rich in valuable plant nutrients. However, OMW is characterized by toxic phenols, high organic matter, high salinity, suspended solids and several other components that may have possible negative effects on chemical and physical soil properties, as well as soil biological activities. In the present research, we focused on the effects of OMW application on transport and hydraulic soil properties. Three distinct soils from a pedological point of view were selected and a series of laboratory steady-state miscible flow tests were conducted under saturated conditions, on both OMW-treated and -untreated soil columns. Tests were conducted on disturbed and undisturbed soil columns. The approach proposed by Kachanoski, based on soil impedance (Z) measurements via the time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique, was used to monitor the leaching experiments. The breakthrough curves (BTCs) exhibited different shapes that allowed the repercussions of OMW applications on soil transport behaviour to be distinguished. Several additional tests conducted on OMW-treated and -untreated soil cores to determine water retention curves (SWRCs) and saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks allowed us to infer the probable mechanisms involved in soil hydrological behaviour changes under OMW treatments. The results show that when OMW leaches into the soil immediately after its disposal there is little effect on the evaluated hydraulic and hydrodispersive properties. By contrast, we demonstrated that a short incubation period (i.e. a short contact time between OMW and soil) of 10 days is enough to exert a great influence on all the values determined (e.g. soil pore velocity v and Ks reduced by up to one order of magnitude). These effects were especially evident in undisturbed soil samples. Graphic Abstract

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Solute transport at the pedon and polypedon scales

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Detailed Characterization of Solute Transport in a Heterogeneous Field Soil

Detailed Characterization of Solute Transport in a Heterogeneous Field Soil

Using time‐domain reflectometry to characterize shallow solute transport in an oak woodland hillslope in northern California, USA

Impact of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on the soil hydraulic and solute transport properties

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