Solute transfer in on-line analytical flow-through dialyzers

Bernhardsson, Bo; Martins, E.; Johansson, Gillis

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84414-1

Cited by 38 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This situation is mathematically far more complex than the parallell flow assumption used above, as it is not possible to assume equilibrium anywhere in the cell. For the corresponding problem in dialysis, numerical solutions to the appropriate partial differential equation system have been derived …”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Line Microporous Membrane Liquid−Liquid Extraction for Sample Pretreatment Combined with Capillary Gas Chromatography Applied to Local Anaesthetics in Blood Plasma

1998

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A new automated procedure for analyzing complex samples has been developed utilizing microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (MMLLE) combined with capillary gas chromatography. Some local anaesthetics were used as model compounds in aqueous solution as well as in blood plasma. The MMLLE procedure was performed in a flow system with the sample fed to the donor side of the hydrophobic microporous membrane and with an organic solvent (hexane) in the pores and as the acceptor solution. The analytes in a small volume of sample (< 1 mL) were extracted into the organic acceptor phase which was transferred into the gas chromatographic system by utilizing a loop-type interface compatible with large-volume (300 microL) injection. High selectivity and low carry-over effects were obtained with the system. The detection limits were 0.5-1 ng/mL using 0.5 mL of human plasma, and the precision was approximately 5%. The effects of pH, flow rates, and adsorption of the analytes were evaluated.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Line Microporous Membrane Liquid−Liquid Extraction for Sample Pretreatment Combined with Capillary Gas Chromatography Applied to Local Anaesthetics in Blood Plasma

1998

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“…Martins et al [96] studied the effect of ionic strength, pH and complexing ligands on the on-line dialysis of metal ions, particularly Zn, using an FIA system. Theoretical studies with different dialysis membranes for this ion were reported by Bernhardsson et al [97]. Gorton and Ogren [98] described the properties ofa combined system including an FIA enzymatic technique for glucose and urea in serum and an on-line dialyser for removing proteins and other interfering substances from the sample.…”

Section: Sampling Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art in on‐line techniques coupled to flow injection analysis FIA/on‐line‐ a critical review

Puchades

Maquieira

Atienza

et al. 1990

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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Flow injection analysis (FIA) has emerged as an increasingly used laboratory tool in chemical analysis. Employment of the technique for on-line sample treatment and on-line measurement in chemical process control is a growing trend. This article reviews the recent applications of FlA. Most papers refer to on-line sample treatment. Although FIA is very well suited to continuous on-line process monitoring, few examples have been found in this areamost of them have been applied to water treatment or fermentation processes.

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“…8 The mass transfer rate in flowing dialysis was examined in a theoretical model considering the membrane area, concentration gradients and flow-rates as the main parameters. 9 The evaluation of different semi-permeable membranes for the dynamic dialysis of Ca 21 and Cl 2 in solutions without proteins allowed us to understand the effect of membrane porosity and thickness. Atomic absorption spectrometry or spectrophotometric detection was performed for Ca and potentiometry or spectrophotometry for Cl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of trace elements in serum samples by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using on-line dialysis

Giné¹,

Bellato²,

Menegário

2004

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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An on-line dialysis flow system coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine trace elements in serum samples by isotope dilution is presented. Isotope dilution was performed on samples incubated with enriched 65 Cu, 66 Zn, 77 Se and 206 Pb for 24 h at 36 uC prior to dialysis to quantified total element concentrations. The sample and acceptor solutions flowed through the dialysis unit with cellophane membrane placed in between the compartments. The serum sample (1 mL) was left to recycle in a closed path while the acceptor solution was continuously pumped along the dialyzer channel and through a cationic AG50W X-8 resin column. After 10 min, around 70% of Na, K and Cl migrate from the sample. Three replicate injections of 0.1 mL were performed for the clean sample after each separation step. The on-line coupling of the dialyzer to ICP-MS allowed isotope dilution for total element determination either in the cleaned sample or by eluting the cations retained in the resin to be carried out. Results demonstrated no matrix effects from alkaline elements or spectral interference from ArNa 1 on 63 Cu, ArCl 1 on 77 Se and 34 SO 2 1 on 66 Zn. The precision of isotope ratio measurements for Cu and Zn was around 1% and for Se and Pb was around 2.5%. The values found for the reference serum sample IMEP-17 were in good agreement with the certified values for Cu, Zn and Se.

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Solute transfer in on-line analytical flow-through dialyzers

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

On-Line Microporous Membrane Liquid−Liquid Extraction for Sample Pretreatment Combined with Capillary Gas Chromatography Applied to Local Anaesthetics in Blood Plasma

On-Line Microporous Membrane Liquid−Liquid Extraction for Sample Pretreatment Combined with Capillary Gas Chromatography Applied to Local Anaesthetics in Blood Plasma

State of the art in on‐line techniques coupled to flow injection analysis FIA/on‐line‐ a critical review

Determination of trace elements in serum samples by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using on-line dialysis

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