Solute diffusion in biocatalyst gel beads containing biocatalysis and other additives

Diffusion in cell-free and cell immobilising ?-carrageenan gel beads with and without chemical reaction

“…The main disadvantage of immobilisation is the decrease in reaction kinetics due to diffusion effects across the gel, partly offsetting the objective of process intensification through the use of higher cell concentrations. This explains the attention the subject of diffusion in gels has received in recent years, for example, by Tanaka et al (1984), Hannoun and Stephanopoulos (1986), Kurosawa et al (1989), Scott et al (1989), Westrin and Axelsson (1991), Teixeira et al (1994), and Riley et al (1996).…”

Rapid and cost-effective fabrication of selectively permeable calcium-alginate microfluidic device using “modified” embedded template method

“…2 Different types of coatings such as with chitosan, [20][21][22] poly-(lysine)/alginate, 22,23 and other materials have been used as a barrier to stop or reduce the diffusion of encapsulated macromolecules. To check the above-mentioned statements and to evaluate the effect of coating of alginate, we conducted series of experiments by coating the inner walls of alginate microfluidic device with different concentrations of chitosan.…”

Chromium (VI) uptake by grape stalks wastes encapsulated in calcium alginate beads: equilibrium and kinetics studies

“…Entrapment in beads of calcium alginate gel is one of the most widely used techniques for immobilising bacteria (Scott et al, 1989), enzymes (Hussain et al, 1985), yeast (Bustard and McHale, 1997;Serp et al, 2000), algae (Crist et al,1994), animal cells (Lu et al, 2000). On the other hand, calcium alginate has been one of the most extensively investigated biopolymers for binding divalent heavy metals thus, it has been used for the removal of heavy metals from dilute aqueous solutions (Apel and Torma 1993;Araújo and Teixeira, 1997;Chen et al, 1997;Chen et al 1992;Ibañez and Umetsu, 2002;Jang et al, 1999;Lázaro et al, 2003;Veglio et al, 2002).…”