Solute balance of a maize (Zea mays L.) source leaf as affected by salt treatment with special emphasis on phloem retranslocation and ion leaching

Lohaus, Gertrud; Hußmann, Melanie; Pennewiß, Kerstin; Schneider, H.; Jian-jun, Zhu; Sattelmacher, B.

doi:10.1093/jexbot/51.351.1721

Cited by 132 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Acid invertase is directly linked to sink strength, and any reduction in its activity will limit grain number in maize owing to accelerated kernel abortion (Hutsch et al 2014). However, salinity-induced reductions in assimilate translocation, from source to developing grains, are also responsible for poor grain setting and filling and ultimately grain yield (Lohaus et al 2000).…”

Section: Diminished Activities Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Farooq

Hussain

Wakeel

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

567

383

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Maize is grown under a wide spectrum of soil and climatic conditions. Maize is moderately sensitive to salt stress; therefore, soil salinity is a serious threat to its production worldwide. Understanding maize response to salt stress and resistance mechanisms and overviewing management options may help to devise strategies for improved maize performance in saline environments. Here, we reviewed the effects, resistance mechanisms, and management of salt stress in maize. Our main conclusions are as follows: (1) germination and stand establishment are more sensitive to salt stress than later developmental stages. (2) High rhizosphere sodium and chloride decrease plant uptake of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron. (3) Reduced grain weight and number are responsible for low grain yield in maize under salt stress. Sink limitations and reduced acid invertase activity in developing grains is responsible for poor kernel setting under salt stress. (4) Exclusion of excessive sodium or its compartmentation into vacuoles is an important adaptive strategy for maize under salt stress. (5) Apoplastic acidification, required for cell wall extensibility, is an important indicator of salt resistance, but not essential for better maize growth under salt stress. (6) Upregulation of antioxidant defense genes and β-expansin proteins is important for salt resistance in maize. (7) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve salt resistance in maize due to better plant nutrient availability. (8) Seed priming is an effective approach for improving maize germination under salt stress. (9) Integration of screening, breeding and ion homeostasis mechanisms into a functional paradigm for the whole plant may help to enhance salt resistance in maize.

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Section: Diminished Activities Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Farooq

Hussain

Wakeel

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

567

383

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“…Ammonium (NH4 + ) is usually undetectable [61 ] and nitrate (NO 3-) is found either at low concentration or undetectable [29,[61][62][63]. The uptake of sucrose and amino acids, and subsequently their concentration in phloem sap, is interdependent [64].…”

Section: Sugars and Amino Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The non-protein amino acid g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is detectable in the sap of some species although a high level of GABA was suggested to be in some cases an artefact of the exudation technique [23]. Other organic components, such as polyamines, are also found in phloem sap [74], and organic acids, especially malic, succinic and citric acid, are normally present in a range of species [34,61,62].…”

Section: Sugars and Amino Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phloem sap intricacy and interplay with aphid feeding

Dinant

Bonnemain

Girousse

et al. 2010

Comptes Rendus. Biologies

147

118

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ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords:Stylectomy Phloem exudation Phloem sap Sieve element EPG Transporters Plant defenceAphididae feed upon the plant sieve elements (SE), where they ingest sugars, nitrogen compounds and other nutrients. For ingestion, aphid stylets penetrate SE, and because of the high hydrostatic pressure in SE, phloem sap exudes out into the stylets. Severing stylets to sample phloem exudates (i.e. stylectomy) has been used extensively for the study of phloem contents. Alternative sampling techniques are spontaneous exudation upon wounding that only works in a few plant species, and the popular EDTA-facilitated exudation technique. These approaches have allowed fundamental advances on the understanding of phloem sap composition and sieve tube physiology, which are surveyed in this review. A more complete picture of metabolites, ions, proteins and RNAs present in phloem sap is now available, which has provided large evidence for the phloem role as a signalling network in addition to its primary role in partitioning of photo-assimilates. Thus, phloem sap sampling methods can have remarkable applications to analyse plant nutrition, physiology and defence responses. Since aphid behaviour is suspected to be affected by phloem sap quality, attempts to manipulate phloem sap content were recently undertaken based on deregulation in mutant plants of genes controlling amino acid or sugar content of phloem sap. This opens up new strategies to control aphid settlement on a plant host. importantes pour l'analyse de la composition de la séve et la physiologie des tubes criblés. Un tableau assez complet des metabolites, des ions, des hormones, des protéines et des ARN presents dans la séve du phloéme est désormais disponible. Ces avancées ont largement étayé le role du phloéme comme réseau de signalisation, en plus de son role central dans la repartition des photo-assimilats. Ces méthodes d'echantillonnage de la séve élaborée ont aussi des applications potentielles remarquables pour l'analyse de la nutrition, la physiologie et les reactions de defense des plantes. Plusieurs études ayant suggéré que la qualité de la séve phloémienne pouvait affecter le comportement alimentaire des pucerons, des tentatives de manipulation de la composition de la séve phloémienne ont été engagées, basées sur la deregulation des genes controlant la teneur en acides amines ou en sucres de la séve, dans les plantes transgéniques. De telles approches ouvrent des strategies nouvelles pour limiter le développement des pucerons sur leur plante hote et ainsi leur nuisibilité. RESUME

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“…The data tabulated in Table 3 showed that Hyoscyamus species more accumulated Na (Okusnya and Ungar 1984) and Ca ++ (Lohaus et al 2000). Under drought conditions both D. innoxia and W. somnifera tended to accumulate more K + (5.67 meq/l than other species this may be to avoid sodium injury.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cytogenetical and ecological studies of some wild congeneric species in the Solanaceae distributed in upper Egypt

2010

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ABSTRACT.Cytogenetical and ecological studies in some species of the Solanaceae were made in the Mediterranean-type ecosystem in Upper Egypt. The chromosome complement of Datura innoxia (2n=24) consisted of 24 median-centromeric chromosomes; that of D. stramonium (2n=24) consisted of 22 median-and two submedian-centromeric chromosomes; that of Hyoscyamus albus (2n=68) consisted of 62 median-and six submedian-centromeric chromosomes, that of H. muticus (2n=28) consisted of 21 median-and seven submedian-centromeric chromosomes; that of Withania somnifera (2n=36; new count) consisted of 27 median-and nine submedian-centromeric chromosomes; and that of Solanum nigrum (2n=72) consists of 68 median and four submedian-centromeric chromosomes. Thirty-three reproducible polymorphic bands were resulted after four RAPD-PCR primers; those bands were used for studying the genetics similarity among the species. Average similarity coeffi cient was ranged from 0.05 to 0.47. RAPD bands resulted after PCR: D. innoxia and D. stramonium showed fi ve bands each; H. albus and H. muticus showed two and one bands respectively; W. somnifera seven bands and S. nigrum showed 13 bands, different patterns were produced among congeneric species. Ionic status of hot water extract of the species revealed that Hyoscyamus species was more accumulated Na + and Ca ++ , while Datura species accumulated more K + and Mg ++ and W. somnifera and S nigrum were intermediate. These strategies of ionic accumulation were in relation to the different chromosome number of species, which might help for surviving the species in desert ecosystem.

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Solute balance of a maize (Zea mays L.) source leaf as affected by salt treatment with special emphasis on phloem retranslocation and ion leaching

Cited by 132 publications

References 59 publications

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Phloem sap intricacy and interplay with aphid feeding

Cytogenetical and ecological studies of some wild congeneric species in the Solanaceae distributed in upper Egypt

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