“…Different detection methods for the quantitative measurement have been used in the large number of studies on biomarkers in FSGS reducing their extent of validity. Various fragments of suPAR are not comparably recognized by suPAR ELISAs, which is of great importance because only some fragments have an expected causative function in kidney disease . Because the pathological involvement of suPAR in FSGS is not always solely related to its serum level, but also may depend on its biological subforms that ‐ if present ‐ are not captured by the suPAR ELISA assay.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Podocyturia was only present before treatment with CytoSorb hemoadsorption and was not detectable after treatment. This may indicate that the inhibition of podocyte detachment could be linked with the reduction of αvβ3 integrin activation and subsequently podocyte detachment associated factor suPAR . Determining podocyturia could therefore display an additional tool to evaluate treatment efficacy through measurement of urinary podocyte excretion in patients with the podocytopathy FSGS.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Various fragments of suPAR are not comparably recognized by suPAR ELISAs, which is of great importance because only some fragments have an expected causative function in kidney disease. 37 Because the pathological involvement of suPAR in FSGS is not always solely related to its serum level, but also may depend on its biological subforms that -if present -are not captured by the suPAR ELISA assay. Therefore, a weak or skewed correlation of the serum suPAR level with disease is possible.…”
Treatment of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and its recurrence after kidney transplantation associated with rapid deterioration of kidney function remains to be challenging despite advances in immunosuppressive therapy. The presence of circulating factors has been postulated to be a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of FSGS, although suPAR and CLCF-1 have been identified as the most promising causative factors. The potential therapeutic effect of suPAR elimination in an FSGS patient using CytoSorb, a hemoadsorption device that gained attention in the cytokine elimination in septic patients, was studied. Efficiency of total plasma exchange to remove suPAR was determined. CytoSorb hemoadsorption caused a 27.33% reduction of the suPAR level in a single treatment, whereas total plasma exchange showed a suPAR level reduction of 25.12% (n = 3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2777-0.8090; P < 0.01), which may indicate therapeutic potential in the treatment of primary FSGS and its recurrence in a kidney transplant.
“…Different detection methods for the quantitative measurement have been used in the large number of studies on biomarkers in FSGS reducing their extent of validity. Various fragments of suPAR are not comparably recognized by suPAR ELISAs, which is of great importance because only some fragments have an expected causative function in kidney disease . Because the pathological involvement of suPAR in FSGS is not always solely related to its serum level, but also may depend on its biological subforms that ‐ if present ‐ are not captured by the suPAR ELISA assay.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Podocyturia was only present before treatment with CytoSorb hemoadsorption and was not detectable after treatment. This may indicate that the inhibition of podocyte detachment could be linked with the reduction of αvβ3 integrin activation and subsequently podocyte detachment associated factor suPAR . Determining podocyturia could therefore display an additional tool to evaluate treatment efficacy through measurement of urinary podocyte excretion in patients with the podocytopathy FSGS.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Various fragments of suPAR are not comparably recognized by suPAR ELISAs, which is of great importance because only some fragments have an expected causative function in kidney disease. 37 Because the pathological involvement of suPAR in FSGS is not always solely related to its serum level, but also may depend on its biological subforms that -if present -are not captured by the suPAR ELISA assay. Therefore, a weak or skewed correlation of the serum suPAR level with disease is possible.…”
Treatment of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and its recurrence after kidney transplantation associated with rapid deterioration of kidney function remains to be challenging despite advances in immunosuppressive therapy. The presence of circulating factors has been postulated to be a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of FSGS, although suPAR and CLCF-1 have been identified as the most promising causative factors. The potential therapeutic effect of suPAR elimination in an FSGS patient using CytoSorb, a hemoadsorption device that gained attention in the cytokine elimination in septic patients, was studied. Efficiency of total plasma exchange to remove suPAR was determined. CytoSorb hemoadsorption caused a 27.33% reduction of the suPAR level in a single treatment, whereas total plasma exchange showed a suPAR level reduction of 25.12% (n = 3; 95% confidence interval, 0.2777-0.8090; P < 0.01), which may indicate therapeutic potential in the treatment of primary FSGS and its recurrence in a kidney transplant.
“…31 It is possible that the suPAR causing a podocytopathy, such as FSGS, is of a different type than the one that is elevated in conditions of inflammation. It is known that total suPAR levels correlate with CRP levels in conditions of inflammation.…”
Background
Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) often causes nephrotic proteinuria and frequently results in end-stage renal disease and recurrence after kidney transplantation. Recent studies describe soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a circulating factor implicated in FSGS.
Methods
This single-center study included 12 adult patients with histologically proven primary FSGS (n = 2) or recurrent FSGS after transplantation (n = 10). The effect of plasma exchange (PE) on clinical outcome, suPAR levels, and in vitro podocyte β3-integrin activation was investigated over a median of 11 (6–18) sessions of PE.
Results
The course of treatment was monitored in a total of 70 sessions of PE, which partly eliminated suPAR, with a mean reduction of 37 ± 12% of serum concentration per session. However, a substantial rebound was observed between sessions, with suPAR levels reaching 99 ± 22% of the pretreatment levels after a median of 4 days. Podocyte β3-integrin activation dropped significantly after PE but rebounded within 4 days concomitant with a rising suPAR level. In 11 of 12 patients, multimodal treatment (including extensive PE) reduced proteinuria significantly (from 5.3 [2.0–7.8] to 1.0 [0.4–1.6] g/d), indicating clinical efficacy of the therapy. One patient suffered allograft loss due to FSGS recurrence. A persisting response was independent of a lasting reduction in the level of total suPAR because there was no sustained significant change in suPAR levels before and after the course of intensified treatment (3814 ± 908 to 3595 ± 521 pg/mL; P = 0.496).
Conclusions
We conclude that multimodal therapy including extensive PE was associated with stabilization of recurrent FSGS and a temporary lowering of plasma suPAR as well as podocyte β3-integrin activation. Whether a sustained lowering of total suPAR results in further improved outcomes requires additional study.
“…The nature of the putative circulating permeability factor(s) in MCD and FSGS is still elusive despite some clues provided by works on podocyte-secreted angiopoietin-like 4 [15] and, more controversial, suPAR, the soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor [16]. Recent data indicate that abatacept, a costimulatory inhibitor that targets CD80/B7-1, might be efficient in some B7-1-positive proteinuric diseases particularly FSGS [17] although these data led to controversial comments and will need independent confirmation.…”
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