Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels in Tuberculosis Patients at High Risk for Multidrug Resistance

Abstract

The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been shown to be a strong prognostic biomarker for tuberculosis (TB). In the present study, the profiles of plasma suPAR levels in pulmonary TB patients at high risk for multidrug resistance were analyzed and compared with those in multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB patients. Forty patients were prospectively included, consisting of 10 MDR-TB patients and 30 TB patients at high risk for MDR, underwent clinical assesment. Plasma suPAR levels were measured using ELISA (SUPARnostic, Denmark) and bacterial cultures were performed in addition to drug susceptibility tests. All patients of suspected MDR-TB group demonstrated significantly higher suPAR levels compared with the healthy TB-negative group (1.79 ng/mL). Among the three groups at high risk for MDR-TB, only the relapse group (7.87 ng/mL) demonstrated suPAR levels comparable with those of MDR-TB patients (7.67 ng/mL). suPAR levels in the two-month negative acid-fast bacilli conversion group (9.29 ng/mL) were higher than positive control, whereas levels in the group consisting of therapy failure patients (5.32 ng/mL) were lower. Our results strongly suggest that suPAR levels enable rapid screening of suspected MDR-TB patients, but cannot differentiate between groups.

Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels are related to plasma cytokine levels but have low predictive value for mortality in trauma patients

“…Furthermore, mean plasma suPAR levels in patients were significantly different from mean suPAR levels found in healthy controls (2.7 ng/ml) from time point ER onwards ( Figure 1A). The concentrations we found in samples from healthy controls were similar to those found in healthy controls in previous studies [17][18][19].…”

Studying the estimation levels of inflammatory markers and NF-κB in MDR and DS-TB patients

“…For example, suPAR level is relatively steadily maintained in the serum of relapse TB patients, according to the previous study's findings (Mardining Raras et al, 2012). A tiny percentage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the macrophages of tuberculosis relapse patients survives firstline anti-tuberculosis therapy, survives for an undetermined period of time, then reemerges following immunosuppression of host, according to one hypothesis (Wayne & Sohaskey, 2001).…”

Plasma‐soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels in Behçet's disease and correlation with disease activity

“…In many experimental studies about cancer and various infectious and inflammatory diseases, increase in systemic suPAR levels has also been reported. Among the various pathological conditions are human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, tuberculosis, central nervous system infections, urinary tract infections, arthritis, liver fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease . Systemic suPAR levels of human immunodeficiency virus‐infected individuals is of strong prognostic value .…”