2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061647
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Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) Concentrations Are Elevated in Patients with Neuroendocrine Malignancies

Abstract: Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) comprises heterogeneous tumors that are challenging to diagnose and, especially in cases of poorly differentiated (G3) NEN, are associated with very limited survival. Novel biomarkers allowing an early diagnosis as well as an optimal selection of suitable treatment options are urgently needed to improve the outcome of these patients. Recently, alterations of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) serum levels were described in various types of cancers. Howe… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…Apart from urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA, also known as urokinase), uPAR interacts and cooperates with many ligands and receptors, primarily integrins, to facilitate intracellular signalling, cell migration, cell adhesion and tissue remodelling (20). Soluble uPAR (suPAR) results from proteolytic cleavage of uPAR (21), and has gained increased interest as circulating levels are found to reflect severity and prognosticate outcome of several malignant (22)(23)(24)(25)(26), autoimmune (27)(28)(29)(30) and infectious diseases (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). Additionally, suPAR is used in triaging of patients in acute care settings to early predict clinical deterioration due to suspected bacterial infections (38)(39)(40)(41)(42).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Apart from urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA, also known as urokinase), uPAR interacts and cooperates with many ligands and receptors, primarily integrins, to facilitate intracellular signalling, cell migration, cell adhesion and tissue remodelling (20). Soluble uPAR (suPAR) results from proteolytic cleavage of uPAR (21), and has gained increased interest as circulating levels are found to reflect severity and prognosticate outcome of several malignant (22)(23)(24)(25)(26), autoimmune (27)(28)(29)(30) and infectious diseases (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). Additionally, suPAR is used in triaging of patients in acute care settings to early predict clinical deterioration due to suspected bacterial infections (38)(39)(40)(41)(42).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previously, our group has investigated uPAR expression by immunohistochemical staining of primary tumor or metastasis from patients with NEN G3 (Ki67 >20%) showing uPAR expression in stromal and or tumor cells in 16/21 (76%) patients (25). However, to the best of our knowledge, expression of uPAR in patients with low grade NEN has never been studied in situ but only indirectly by measurement of soluble uPAR (suPAR) in serum (26). suPAR is the cleaved version of the membrane-bound uPAR and may thus be measured as a circulating uPAR biomarker.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since inflammation is a universal response of the body to various conditions such as tumors, trauma, and ischemia, recent scientific studies investigated the use of inflammatory biomarkers to predict poor outcome. SuPAR has already been shown to be a useful predictor of outcome in patients with neoplasia of the hepatobiliary system and pancreas, as well as neuroendocrine malignancies (24)(25)(26). The prognostic significance of suPAR for poor outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke has also been demonstrated (27,28).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%