Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells and the Diagnosis of Pneumonia

Gibot, Sébastien; Cravoisy, Aurélie; Lévy, Bruno; Béné, Marie‐Christine; Fauré, G; Bollaert, Pierre‐Édouard

doi:10.1056/nejmoa031544

Cited by 521 publications

(388 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…19 Patients, 18 years or older, hospitalized in an ICU were prospectively enrolled if they met the following criteria: 1) need for mechanical ventilation and 2) clinical suspicion of bacterial pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia was suspected if a newly developed and persistent infiltrate on chest radiography was associated with at least one of the following: purulent tracheal secretions, body temperature of at least 38.3˚C, and leukocytosis (>10 g/l) or leukopenia (<4 g/l).…”

Section: Bronchoalveolar Strem-1 In the Diagnosis Of Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Form of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 as a Marker of Microbial Infection

Gibot¹,

Cravoisy²

2004

Clinical Medicine & Research

117

115

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Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Unfortunately, there is no gold standard for diagnosing sepsis as clinical and laboratory signs are neither sensitive enough nor specific enough, and microbiological studies often remain negative. Thus, there is a need for clinical or laboratory tools to distinguish between sepsis and non-infectious inflammatory disorders. Among the potentially useful markers of sepsis, procalcitonin has been suggested to be the most promising, although results are variable depending on the severity of illness and degree of infection in the patient population studied. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, of which expression is upregulated on phagocytic cells in the presence of bacteria or fungi. Here we report on the potential usefulness of assessing the soluble form of TREM-1 (sTREM-1) in biological fluids for the diagnosis of microbial infection.

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Section: Bronchoalveolar Strem-1 In the Diagnosis Of Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Form of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 as a Marker of Microbial Infection

Gibot¹,

Cravoisy²

2004

Clinical Medicine & Research

117

115

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“…sTREM-1 levels were measured with an immunoblot technique, as described previously (9,10). One hundred microliters of each plasma sample was dotted onto nitrocellulose membrane, dried, and then coated in PBS supplemented with 3% BSA and incubated with monoclonal anti-human TREM-1 (21C7) (3) for 60 min.…”

Section: Soluble Trem-1 (Strem-1) Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutting Edge: Expression Patterns of Surface and Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 in Human Endotoxemia

Knapp¹,

Gibot²,

Vos³

et al. 2004

The Journal of Immunology

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137

100

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Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a recently identified molecule involved in the amplification of inflammation. To determine the regulation of TREM-1, we studied TREM-1 expression and soluble TREM-1 plasma levels upon i.v. LPS challenge in healthy humans in vivo and in vitro. Granulocyte TREM-1 expression was high at baseline and immediately down-regulated upon LPS exposure along with an increase in soluble TREM-1. Monocytes displayed a gradual up-regulation of TREM-1 upon LPS in vivo and in vitro. In vitro studies extended these findings to highly purified lipoteichoic acid and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nonbacterial TLR ligands such as polyinosine-polycytidylic acid and imidazoquinoline, as well as the TLR9 ligand CpG, did not impact TREM-1 expression. The LPS-induced alterations in TREM-1 surface expression were not a result of increased TNF-α or IL-10. Inhibitor studies disclosed a PI3K-dependent pathway in LPS-induced up-regulation of TREM-1 on monocytes, whereas MAPK played a limited role.

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“…Furthermore, TREM‐1 is constitutively expressed in a‐granules and mobilized at the membrane on platelet activation 15. sTREM‐1, a soluble form of TREM‐1 shed from the membrane of activated phagocytes, used to be identified as a marker to distinguish infectious from noninfectious inflammatory states, and its significance in infectious diseases is clearly confirmed 16, 17, 18, 19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prognostic Utility of Soluble TREM‐1 in Predicting Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Wang

Tang

Shen

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (TREM‐1) is thought to be critical for inflammatory signal amplification and involved in the development of atherosclerosis. TREM‐1 is significantly increased in patients with myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between soluble TREM‐1 (sTREM‐1) and mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods and ResultsWe included 838 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction from October 7, 2012 to December 5, 2014. Blood samples were collected from patients with acute myocardial infarction immediately after diagnosis. During follow‐up, 88 patients died, and 180 patients reached the combined end points of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). Patients with high sTREM‐1 (higher than the median) had increased risk of all‐cause mortality and MACE compared with those with low sTREM‐1 (log‐rank test, P<0.001). After adjustment for confounding risk factors by Cox regression analysis, high sTREM‐1 remained an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.978; 95% confidence interval, 1.462–2.675; P<0.001) and MACE (hazard ratio, 2.413; 95% confidence interval, 2.022–2.879; P<0.001). After the addition of sTREM‐1 to the reference model, the C‐statistic for all‐cause mortality increased from 0.86 to 0.89, and the difference was 0.023 (95% confidence interval, 0.0009–0.0477), and the C‐statistic for MACE increased from 0.71 to 0.80, and the difference was 0.087 (95% confidence interval, 0.053–0.122). sTREM‐1 levels were consistently positively associated with risks of all‐cause mortality and MACE in various subpopulations, and there was no significant interaction among prespecified subgroups.Conclusions sTREM‐1 was significantly associated with all‐cause mortality and MACE, independent of established conventional risk factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

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Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells and the Diagnosis of Pneumonia

Abstract: In patients receiving mechanical ventilation, rapid detection of sTREM-1 in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid may be useful in establishing or excluding the diagnosis of bacterial or fungal pneumonia.

Cited by 521 publications

References 27 publications

Soluble Form of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 as a Marker of Microbial Infection

Soluble Form of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 as a Marker of Microbial Infection

Cutting Edge: Expression Patterns of Surface and Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 in Human Endotoxemia

Prognostic Utility of Soluble TREM‐1 in Predicting Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

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