Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 is a marker of organ injuries in cardiogenic shock: results from the CardShock Study

Abstract

Aims. Optimal outcome after cardiogenic shock (CS) depends on a coordinated healing response in which both debris removal and repair of the tissue extracellular matrix play a crucial role. Excessive inflammation can perpetuate a vicious circle, positioning leucocytes as central protagonists and potential therapeutic targets. High levels of circulating Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), were associated with death in acute myocardial infarction confirming excessive inflammation as determinant of bad outcome.The present study aims to describe the association of soluble TREM-1 with 90-day mortality and with various organ injuries in patients with CS. Methods and results. This is a post-hoc study of CardShock, a prospective, multicenter study assessing the clinical presentation and management in patients with CS. At the time of this study, 87 patients had available plasma samples at either baseline, and/or 48 hours and/or 96-120 hours for soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) measurements. Plasma concentration of sTREM-1 was higher in 90-day non-survivors than survivors at baseline (median: 1392 IQR: (724 -2128) vs. 621 (525 -1233) pg/mL, p = 0.008), 48 hours (p=0.019) and 96-120 hours (p=0.029). The highest tertile of sTREM-1 at baseline (threshold: 1347 pg/mL) was associated with 90-day mortality with an unadjusted HR: 3.08 CI95% (1.48 -6.42). sTREM-1 at baseline was not associated to hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, use of vasopressors or inotropes) but rather with markers of organ injuries: renal (estimated glomerular filtration rate, p=0.0002), endothelial (bio-adrenomedullin, p=0.018), myocardial (Suppression of Tumourigenicity 2, p=0.002) or hepatic (bilirubin, p=0.008). Conclusion.In CS patients TREM-1 pathway is highly activated and gives an early prediction of injuries of vital organ and outcome.

Circulating Endothelial Cells are Associated with Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Antiphospholipid Antibodies

“…We also found a significant correlation between sTREM-1 and CECs. Plasma levels of sTREM-1 were already found to be correlated with endothelial dysfunction [42,43].…”

“…Plasma levels of sTREM-1 were already found to be correlated with endothelial dysfunction. 41,42 Furthermore, sTREM-1 is increased in response to ECs activation and has been suggested as a biomarker for thrombotic risk in APS. 43 Our results supported this hypothesis.…”

“…We also found a significant correlation between sTREM-1 and CECs. Plasma levels of sTREM-1 were already found to be correlated with endothelial dysfunction [42,43]. Furthermore, sTREM-1 is increased in response to endothelial cells activation and has been suggested as a biomarker for thrombotic risk in APS [44].…”

Association of salivary TREM‐1 and PGLYRP1 inflammatory markers with non‐communicable diseases

“…TREM‐1, first described as a blood biomarker for sepsis (Bouchon et al, 2001; Gibot et al, 2004; Gibot & Cravoisy, 2004), has since then been studied in various biofluids in systemic infectious and chronic inflammatory conditions, with elevated TREM‐1 biomarker levels being described, among others, in rheumatoid arthritis (Inanc et al, 2021; Kuai et al, 2009), bowel diseases (Park et al, 2009; Tzivras et al, 2006), heart disease (Kimmoun et al, 2022; Ortiz et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2018), diabetes (Thorsen et al, 2017), and cancer (Ho et al, 2008; Kuemmel et al, 2018; Liao et al, 2012). Elevated PGLYRP1 levels in blood and/or saliva have been described, for example, in heart disease (Han et al, 2021; Ortiz et al, 2020; Rathnayake et al, 2022; Rohatgi et al, 2009) and rheumatoid arthritis (Inanc et al, 2021; Luo et al, 2019).…”

Association of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 with rheumatoid arthritis in iraqi patients: A case-control study

“…sTREM-1 holds promising potential as a valuable biomarker for predicting non-viral acute pneumonia (NVAP) in the Department of Pediatrics (22). Enhanced activity of the TREM-1 pathway is observed in individuals experiencing cardiogenic shock, serving as an early indicator of organ damage and offering valuable prognostic insights into the patient's clinical trajectory (23). According to research, sTREM-1 amounts in the blood and TREM-1 expression on immune cells were higher in sepsis patients.…”