Soluble proteins and multiple forms of esterases in leaf tissue at first and flag leaf stages of spring barley plants in relation to their resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei)

Hwang, Byung Kook; Wolf, G.; Heitefuß, R.

doi:10.1016/0048-4059(82)90071-6

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…These findings have led us to suggest the possibilities that some proteins may be synthesized in the diseased stems by either host or pathogen and also that certain proteins in the healthy stems may be simultaneously degraded by infection of P. capsici. Considerable studies demonstrated that protein patterns change during development and differentiation of plant organs (MACKO et al 1967, UPADHYA and YEE 1968, BHATIA and NILSON 1969, SGANDALIOS 1974, BBABER 1980, HWANG et al 1982. Some genes may be inactive for protein synthesis at a particular development stage, but active at other stages of growth (HWANG et al 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also suggested that the appearance of age-related resistance in the pepper cultivars may be due to the morphological and nutritional changes in tissues of pepper stems during aging, i.e., the drastic increase in amount of dry matter, the significant decrease in amounts of mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, and the low contents of fructose, glucose and sucrose in the stem tissues (JEUN and HWANG 1991). In addition, the role of post-infectionally formed capsidiol in the agerelated resistance of pepper plants to P. capsici has recently been reported (HWANG and KIM 1990). Such morphological and physiological changes in pepper stems of different ages associated with age-related resistance to P. capsici may be caused by the production of some proteins or enzymes considered to be the result of differential gene action.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It has been found that the changes in metabolism during plant development are closely related to different patterns of proteins and isoenzymes of various tissues (JOHNSON 1974, STEWARD et al 1965. Recently, in the barley-powdery mildew interaction, HWANG et al (1982) suggested that the different levels of adult-plant resistance m barley cultivars to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei may be due to changes in the patterns of soluble proteins and esterase isoenzymes during plant development.…”

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Soluble Proteins, Esterases and Superoxide Dismutase in Stem Tissue of Pepper Plants in Relation to Age‐related Resistance to Phytophthora capsici

Hwang

Yoon²,

Ibenthal

et al. 1991

Journal of Phytopathology

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Patterns of soluble proteins and isoenzymes of esterase and superoxide dismutase were investigated in healthy and infected stems of two pepper cultivars resistant and susceptible to Phytophthora capsici. By the use of two‐dimensional SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it was possible to compare precisely the cultivars Hanbyul and Kingkun susceptible or resistant to P. capsici with respect to their protein patterns. The two‐dimensional electrophoresis identified three proteins (25—27 kD) from the healthy stem extracts of Kingkun, which were absent in Hanbyul. Some particular proteins appeared in pepper stems of both cultivars at later developmental stage of plants, suggesting their role in the expression of age‐related resistance. Some proteins which were not detectable in the healthy stem extracts also existed in large amounts in the diseased ones. By contrast, other proteins present in the healthy stems disappeared from the diseased stems. Some esterase isoenzymes appeared in the two cultivars only at late developmental stage. Other esterase isoenzymes were produced only in the diseased stems. There were no differences in the patterns of superoxide dismutases between the cultivars and also between developmental stages. Large activities of several superoxide dismutases were detected in the diseased stems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soluble Proteins, Esterases and Superoxide Dismutase in Stem Tissue of Pepper Plants in Relation to Age‐related Resistance to Phytophthora capsici

Hwang

Yoon²,

Ibenthal

et al. 1991

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…Electrophoresis was carried out in 2-30% polyacrylamide gradient gels (diameter 0.5 cm, length 10 cm) at 15°C with the buffer system according to the method of DAVIS (1964). Tubes were filled with the monomer solutions by using a special apparatus designed by G. WOLF and constructed by E. SCHUTT, Gottingen, W.-Germany (HWANG et al 1982).…”

Section: Electrophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of Physiologic Races of the Rice Blast Fungus, Pyricularia oryzae Cav. by PAGE‐electrophoresis

Park

Lee

Wolf

et al. 1986

Journal of Phytopathology

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Eighty-three isolates of the rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) were tested with respect to genetic diversity and the possibility of race differentiation by electrophoresis. The fungus was genetically very heterogeneous. The isolates were differentiated into 6 races by pathogenicity on race differential varieties. There was little correlation between pathogenicity and zymogram types of one particular enzyme such as esterase, phosphatase or catalase. The isolates were divided into 14 groups by the combination of the zymogram types of the three enzymes. The isolates in the same group showed similar pathogenicity. A new method is proposed which differentiates the blast fungus races by the combination of zymogram type of enzymes. The details are discussed. ZusammenfassungDifferenzierung physiologischer Rassen des Erregers der Reisbraune, Pyricularia oryzae Cav. durch PAGE-Elektrophorese 83 Isolate des Erregers der Reisbraune, Pyricularia oryzae, wurden im Hinblick auf genetische Diversitat und die Moglichkeit zur Rassendifferenzierung mit Hilfe der Gelelektrophorese gepriift. Der Pilz war genetisch stark heterogen. Die Isolate wurden anhand der Pathogenitat auf einem Reistestsortiment in sechs Rassen differenziert. Zwischen der Pathogenitat und den Zymogrammtypen eines Enzyms wie Esterase, Phosphatase oder Catalase ergab sich kaum eine Beziehung. Die Isolate wurden durch Kombination des Zymogrammtypen der drei Enzyme in 14 Gruppen aufgeteilt. Die Isolate der gleichen Gruppe zeigten ahnliche Pathogenitat. Eine neue Methode wird vorgeschlagen und diskutiert, nach der die Rassen von Pyricularia oryzae anhand der Kombination von Zymogrammtypen differenziert werden konnen. U.S.

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“…For the longest time esterases have been used as a marker system of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis (Chibbar et al 1988, Coppens andDewi�e 1990). Esterases were also coupled with a degree of resistance in barley to powdery mildew (Hwang et al 1982), and in nitrogen fixing symbioses; gene coding for protein with esterase activity expressed early in nodule development (Pringle and Dickstein 2004). In the cell wall pectin methylesterases are responsible for demethylation of cell wall polygalacturonans.…”

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Aluminium induced esterase activity and isozyme pattern in barley root tip

Tamás¹,

Huttová²,

Mistrı́k³

et al. 2005

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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Changes in the activity of esterase as well as changes in the viability of root cells and some growth parameters were analysed during cultivation of barley seedlings in the artificial substrate under Al stress conditions. Aluminium-induced elevated esterase activity correlated with Al uptake, root growth inhibition and increased Evans blue uptake in the barley root tips. Analysis of isozyme pa�ern of esterase revealed one anodic and one cathodic esterase isozyme induced by Al-treatment. The possible role of elevated esterase activity during Al stress is discussed.Keywords: aluminium uptake; cell death; esterase activity; isoesterases 221 Aluminium uptakeHematoxylin staining was used for the determination of Al uptake (Ownby 1993). Freshly harvested roots, washed in distilled water for 15 min were stained with 0.2% hematoxylin and 0.02% KIO 3 solution for 15 min at room temperature. After washing with distilled water for 15 min 10 root tips (0.5 cm) were excised and soaked in 200 µl of 1M HCl for 1 h. Optical density of the released stain was measured at 490 nm. Determination of cell deathThe loss of plasma membrane integrity was evaluated by spectrophotometric assay of Evans blue staining (Baker and Mock 1994). Roots were stained in 0.25% (v/v) aqueous solution of Evans blue for 15 min at room temperature. The stained roots were washed three times with distilled water, for 10 min each. Root tips (5 mm) were excised and soaked in N,N-dimethylformamide for 1 h at RT. The optical density was measured spectrophotometrically at 600 nm. Protein extraction and sample preparationRoot tips (1 cm) were ground to a fine powder in a cold mortar in liquid nitrogen and the resulting powder was rehomogenised in 100mM Tris/HCl buffer, pH 8.0 with homogenisator (Heidolph DIAX 900). After filtration the homogenate was centrifuged at 1500 g for 5 min, then at 12 000 g for 15 min and finally at 100 000 g for 30 min (Beckman L8-M). The resulting supernatant (soluble fraction) was used for analysis after concentrating and passing through Sephadex G-25 using 10mM Tris/HCl buffer, pH 8.0. Proteins were fractionated using anion exchange column (UNO Q, Bio-Rad) equilibrated with 10mM Tris/HCl buffer, pH 8.0. The adsorbed proteins were eluted with linear gradient of 0-1.0M NaCl in the same buffer. Proteins were quantified with Bovine Serum Albumin as a standard by the method of Bradford (Bradford 1976). Enzyme assaysEnzyme activities were determined photometrically using microplate reader (SLT-Laborinstruments, Austria). Specific enzyme activities were expressed as OD/µg protein (OD -optical density). Changes in enzyme activities were expressed as a percentage of control. Assay for non-specific esterase (EC 3.1.1.3) contained 100 µl of 100mM Tris/HCl buffer, pH 7.2; 50 µl 4-nitrophenylacetate (2 mg/ml solubilized in 20% acetone) and sampled according to Ward and Bamforth (2002). Activity was measured at 405 nm against the control reaction without sample. Gel electrophoresis and activity stainingThe basic proteins were separated u...

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Soluble proteins and multiple forms of esterases in leaf tissue at first and flag leaf stages of spring barley plants in relation to their resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei)

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Soluble Proteins, Esterases and Superoxide Dismutase in Stem Tissue of Pepper Plants in Relation to Age‐related Resistance to Phytophthora capsici

Soluble Proteins, Esterases and Superoxide Dismutase in Stem Tissue of Pepper Plants in Relation to Age‐related Resistance to Phytophthora capsici

Differentiation of Physiologic Races of the Rice Blast Fungus, Pyricularia oryzae Cav. by PAGE‐electrophoresis

Aluminium induced esterase activity and isozyme pattern in barley root tip

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