Soluble mediators of inflammation in HIV and their implications for therapeutics and vaccine development

Keating, Sheila M.; Jacobs, Evan; Norris, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.05.006

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…We show here that the replicative capacity of HIV-1 modulates the magnitude and composition of the early inflammatory milieu, perhaps through differential activation of innate sensing mechanisms that lead to multiple inflammatory consequences. Notably, the inflammatory state associated with high vRC is characterized by elevated levels of key mediators, such as IFNα, IL-1β, and IL-10, which are known to drive pathogenesis (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replicative fitness of transmitted HIV-1 drives acute immune activation, proviral load in memory CD4 ⁺ T cells, and disease progression

Claiborne

Prince

Scully

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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HIV-1 infection is characterized by varying degrees of chronic immune activation and disruption of T-cell homeostasis, which impact the rate of disease progression. A deeper understanding of the factors that influence HIV-1–induced immunopathology and subsequent CD4+ T-cell decline is critical to strategies aimed at controlling or eliminating the virus. In an analysis of 127 acutely infected Zambians, we demonstrate a dramatic and early impact of viral replicative capacity (vRC) on HIV-1 immunopathogenesis that is independent of viral load (VL). Individuals infected with high-RC viruses exhibit a distinct inflammatory cytokine profile as well as significantly elevated T-cell activation, proliferation, and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, during the earliest months of infection. Moreover, the vRC of the transmitted virus is positively correlated with the magnitude of viral burden in naive and central memory CD4+ T-cell populations, raising the possibility that transmitted viral phenotypes may influence the size of the initial latent viral reservoir. Taken together, these findings support an unprecedented role for the replicative fitness of the founder virus, independent of host protective genes and VL, in influencing multiple facets of HIV-1–related immunopathology, and that a greater focus on this parameter could provide novel approaches to clinical interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replicative fitness of transmitted HIV-1 drives acute immune activation, proviral load in memory CD4 ⁺ T cells, and disease progression

Claiborne

Prince

Scully

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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“…They can accelerate the immune response against the virus [17], while simultaneously, cytokine activity amplifies the population of target cells for HIV infection by activating CD4+ T-cells. In chronic HIV infection, elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and its receptor TNF-RII indicate long-term inflammation in infected persons [18] and [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparison of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22 cytokine profiles in acute and chronic HIV-1 infection

Gorenec

Lepej

Grgic

et al. 2016

Microbial Pathogenesis

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“…These authors demonstrated significant rises in IL-1, IL-2 and IL-7 at approximately six weeks after the infection 36 . Interleukin-12, despite be consider a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a central role in host resistance in models of infection with many pathogens that cause opportunistic infection in HIV seropositives 39 and the common gamma chain cytokines, IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 appear to be pro-viral but they are essential to maintain the proliferation, function and T cells homeostasis 20,30,40 already during the primary HIV infection.…”

Section: Constant and Intense Inflammatory Status In Both Initial Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is necessary that these parameters be minimized to augment the patient survival. In this manner the direct or indirect dysregulation in the cytokine network produced due the HIV infection have important consequences from an immunological and clinical perspective 20,30 .…”

Section: Persistent Inflammatory Status After Cart Initiatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relative to this, it is clear that the rise in serum levels of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines contributes to viral replication and many manifestations of immunodeficiency 35 . Others cytokine production can increase viral replication, due the activation role in HIV infected cells, including IL-2, IL-4 and interferon type II (IFN-γ) which, primarly, are required in the support to expansion of antiviral T cells and antibody responses 30 . During the acute phase of HIV-1 infection, was showed 36 that elevated plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines are associated with viremia peaks and can even estimate the time at which the CD4+ T count will drop below 350 cells/mm 3 .…”

Section: Constant and Intense Inflammatory Status In Both Initial Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunovirological parameters and cytokines in HIV infection

Tasca

Calvi

Souza

2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Although modern combined antiretroviral therapies (cART) result in lower morbidity and mortality and a visible improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters in HIV-infected, it is known that their long-term use contributes to appearance of the many events unrelated to AIDS such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and osteoporosis, comorbidities which have been proposed as some of the most important that deprive the majority of infected to present an even better prognosis. This is because even with a decrease in inflammation and immune activation after drug intervention to the patient, these parameters remain higher than those shown by healthy individuals and the imbalance of cytokine profiles also persists. Therefore, evaluations of other biomarkers in clinical practice are needed to complement the exams already carried out routinely and allow more effective monitoring of HIV patients. This review aims to investigate the role of cytokines as potential markers showing studies on their behavior in various stages of HIV infection, with or without cART.

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Soluble mediators of inflammation in HIV and their implications for therapeutics and vaccine development

Cited by 45 publications

References 195 publications

Replicative fitness of transmitted HIV-1 drives acute immune activation, proviral load in memory CD4 ⁺ T cells, and disease progression

Replicative fitness of transmitted HIV-1 drives acute immune activation, proviral load in memory CD4 ⁺ T cells, and disease progression

The comparison of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22 cytokine profiles in acute and chronic HIV-1 infection

Immunovirological parameters and cytokines in HIV infection

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Soluble mediators of inflammation in HIV and their implications for therapeutics and vaccine development

Cited by 45 publications

References 195 publications

Replicative fitness of transmitted HIV-1 drives acute immune activation, proviral load in memory CD4 + T cells, and disease progression

Replicative fitness of transmitted HIV-1 drives acute immune activation, proviral load in memory CD4 + T cells, and disease progression

The comparison of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22 cytokine profiles in acute and chronic HIV-1 infection

Immunovirological parameters and cytokines in HIV infection

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Product

Resources

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Replicative fitness of transmitted HIV-1 drives acute immune activation, proviral load in memory CD4 ⁺ T cells, and disease progression

Replicative fitness of transmitted HIV-1 drives acute immune activation, proviral load in memory CD4 ⁺ T cells, and disease progression