Soluble Glucan Protects Against Endotoxin Shock in the Rat

Vereschagin, E. I.; Lambalgen, A.A. van; Душкин, М. И.; Schwartz, Y. Sh.; Polyakov, L. M.; Heemskerk, A. E. J.; Huisman, Evelien; Thijs, L. G.; Bos, G. C. van den

doi:10.1097/00024382-199803000-00006

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…It was interesting to observe that there seemed to be a cell-specific interaction between soluble -glucans and LPS, as -glucans in the molecular weight range 15-100 kDa (SG1) seemed to inhibit the e#ect of LPS, whereas the 2 kDa -glucan (SG2) seemed to potentiate the LPS e#ect. Similar interactions between soluble -glucans and LPS have been demonstrated in macrophages from higher vertebrates (Vereschagin et al, 1998;Soltys et al, 1999). The exact nature of this interaction has yet to be elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Enhanced lysozyme production in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages treated with yeast β-glucan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Paulsen

Engstad

Robertsen

2001

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

137

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Enhanced lysozyme production in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages treated with yeast β-glucan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Paulsen

Engstad

Robertsen

2001

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

137

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“…There are limited previous observations that carboxymethylated ␤-1,3-glucan binds SRA and may protect against endotoxic shock (9,48). ␤-Glucans are a component of the P. carinii cyst cell wall (4,11,19,23,30,35,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…␤-Glucans are a component of the P. carinii cyst cell wall (4,11,19,23,30,35,47). However, Dushkin et al (9) reported that unmodified ␤-glucans had only slight effects on acylated-LDL metabolism, suggesting that only the modified carboxymethylated ␤-glucans may bind SRA (9,48), and there is no indication from the literature that P. carinii ␤-glucans are modified in any way. Recently, protein ligands for SRA have been identified from intact Neisseria meningitidis; one of them, NMB1220, induced endocytosis (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scavenger Receptor A Dampens Induction of Inflammation in Response to the Fungal PathogenPneumocystis carinii

et al. 2007

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Alveolar macrophages are the effector cells largely responsible for clearance of Pneumocystis carinii from the lungs. Binding of organisms to ␤-glucan and mannose receptors has been shown to stimulate phagocytosis of the organisms. To further define the mechanisms used by alveolar macrophages for clearance of P. carinii, mice deficient in the expression of scavenger receptor A (SRA) were infected with P. carinii, and clearance of organisms was monitored over time. SRA-deficient (SRAKO) mice consistently cleared P. carinii faster than did wild-type control mice. Expedited clearance corresponded to elevated numbers of activated CD4 ؉ T cells in the alveolar spaces of SRAKO mice compared to wild-type mice. Alveolar macrophages from SRAKO mice had increased expression of CD11b on their surfaces, consistent with an activated phenotype. However, they were not more phagocytic than macrophages expressing SRA, as measured by an in vivo phagocytosis assay. SRAKO alveolar macrophages produced significantly more tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) than wildtype macrophages when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in vitro but less TNF-␣ in response to P. carinii in vitro. However, upon in vivo stimulation, SRAKO mice produced significantly more TNF-␣, interleukin 12 (IL-12), and IL-18 in response to P. carinii infection than did wild-type mice. Together, these data indicate that SRA controls inflammatory cytokines produced by alveolar macrophages in the context of P. carinii infection.

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“…Dectin-1 has been reported to be widely distributed, although there are no reports of dectin-1 expression in the pituitary. Pearson et al [41], Dushkin et al [42], and Vereschagin et al [43] have identified scavenger receptors as glucan binding sites in Drosophila and mice. We have extended these observations to demonstrate the recognition of glucans by human monocyte scavenger receptors [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior Pituitary Cells Express Pattern Recognition Receptors for Fungal Glucans: Implications for Neuroendocrine Immune Involvement in Response to Fungal Infections

Breuel

Kougias²,

Rice³

et al. 2003

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objectives: Hormones and cytokines are known to act as regulatory messengers between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. The innate immune system identifies infectious agents by means of pattern-recognition receptors. These receptors recognize pathogen-specific macromolecules called pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Fungal cell wall glucans nonspecifically stimulate various aspects of innate immunity via interaction with membrane receptors on immune-competent cells. Glucans are also released into the systemic circulation of patients with fungal infections. Recent evidence confirms the existence of glucan-specific receptors on cells outside the immune system. We hypothesized that glucans may directly interact with pituitary cells as an early signaling event in fungal infections. Methods: We characterized the receptor-mediated interaction of glucan derived from Candida albicans with pituitary cells using surface plasmon resonance. Prolactin levels were assayed by commercial ELISA. TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 mRNA levels were assessed by RT-PCR. Results: A single glucan-specific binding site was identified on rodent somatomammotroph (K_D = 3.9 µM) and human folliculostellate cell (K_D = 3.6 µM) membranes. Coincubation of glucan with somatomammotroph cells for 72 h significantly (p < 0.01) increased prolactin accumulation by 56–62% over that observed in cells treated with media alone. Glucan also increased TLR4 and CD14 gene expression in human folliculostellate cells. Conclusions: Pituitary cells directly recognize and respond to fungal cell wall glucans resulting in stimulation of pituitary cell TLR4 and CD14 gene expression. In addition, glucan stimulates secretion of prolactin, a hormone that plays an important role in the response to infection.

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Soluble Glucan Protects Against Endotoxin Shock in the Rat

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Enhanced lysozyme production in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages treated with yeast β-glucan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Enhanced lysozyme production in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages treated with yeast β-glucan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Scavenger Receptor A Dampens Induction of Inflammation in Response to the Fungal PathogenPneumocystis carinii

Anterior Pituitary Cells Express Pattern Recognition Receptors for Fungal Glucans: Implications for Neuroendocrine Immune Involvement in Response to Fungal Infections

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