Soluble E‐cadherin: A marker of genital epithelial disruption

Liu, Rachel; Armstrong, Eric; Constable, Shirley; Buchanan, Lane B; Mohammadi, Avid; Galiwango, Ronald M.; Huibner, Sanja; Perry, Marie Christine; Prodger, Jessica L.; Coburn, Bryan; Kaul, Rupert

doi:10.1111/aji.13674

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The following soluble immune factors were assayed: IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, IP-10, MIG, soluble E-cadherin (sE-cad), and MMP-9 in duplicate by Multiplex MSD according to the manufacturer's instructions (Meso Scale Discovery, Rockville, MD). Soluble E-cadherin is a marker of epithelial disruption in the genital tract, and MMP-9 induces epithelial disruption [20,21]. CVS supernatants were plated at 25uL per well and a standard curve was used to determine the lower and upper limit of detection, and the concentration of each analyte (pg/mL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbe-binding antibodies in the female genital tract: associations with the vaginal microbiome and genital immunology

Liu,

Pollock,

Huibner

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Mucosal antibodies in the gut maintain homeostasis between the host and the local microbiome through the clearance of pathogenic bacteria and the development of immune tolerance to inflammatory bacteria. Whether similar bacteria-immunoglobulin interactions modulate cervicovaginal inflammation and/or bacterial colonization in the female genital tract (FGT) is not well understood. Here, we used a flow cytometry-based assay to quantify microbe-binding IgA and IgG in the cervicovaginal secretions of 200 HIV-uninfected women from Nairobi, Kenya that were enriched for bacterial vaginosis (BV) and evaluated the associations of cervicovaginal IgA and IgG with the vaginal microbiome composition and local soluble immune factors. Results Total IgA and IgG were abundant in cervicovaginal secretions and frequently demonstrated ex vivo binding to key vaginal bacteria species Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus crispatus. Microbe-binding antibodies were generally not associated with the presence/absence of the corresponding bacteria. Total and microbe-binding IgA and IgG were inversely correlated with total bacterial abundance and positively correlated with several pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF) and chemotactic chemokines (IP-10, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MCP-1, IL-8), independent of total bacterial abundance. Conclusions Flow cytometry-based quantification of microbe-binding antibodies provides a platform to investigate host-microbiota interactions in the FGT of human observational and interventional studies. In contrast to the gut, cervicovaginal microbe-binding IgA and IgG do not appear to be immunoregulatory but may indirectly mitigate bacteria-induced inflammation by reducing total bacterial abundance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbe-binding antibodies in the female genital tract: associations with the vaginal microbiome and genital immunology

Liu,

Pollock,

Huibner

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…It is predominantly concentrated within epithelial tissues, where it establishes adherens junctions connecting adjacent cells. E-cadherin molecules extend from one cell's surface to establish robust adhesive connections with E-cadherin molecules on neighboring cells, significantly contributing to the structural integrity of the digestive tract's lining ( Liu et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Beneficial Effect Of Php On the Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural insights, and their impact on gastrointestinal health and oxidative stress management

Cheong,

Liu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Food Chemistry: X

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“…Levels of MMP-9, a neutrophil associated protease, are associated with increased levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-17, and MIP-1 in the female genital tract (FGT) [4]. Proteases mediate the cleavage of tight junctions, such as E-cadherin, between epithelial cells into its soluble form, which can be used as a biomarker of epithelial damage [20,68]. Notably, MIP-1 and IL-8 were linked to HIV risk in the genital tracts of South African females [7].…”

Section: Epithelial Disruption By the Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis, Candida Albicans Infections, and Oral Immune Mediators Associated with Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Literature Review

King

2024

URNCST Journal

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Introduction: While Candida albicans are usually commensal and present in low density in the oral cavity of healthy individuals, an immunocompromised immune system can lead to the overgrowth of this fungal species, leading to oral microbiome “dysbiosis” and activation of immune responses. In severe cases, C. albicans overgrowth can lead to an oral infection called oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), which is associated with inflammation, lesions, and sores of the oral cavity. While human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been linked to an increased risk of OPC, few studies have associated OPC and C. albicans infection with subsequent risk for oral HIV acquisition. Evidence on the oral microbiome and how it can alter HIV risk is also lacking. Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, and the University of Alberta Library Database from inception to November 2023. Results and Discussion: The risk of oral HIV transmission is low. OPC and C. albicans fungal infection can increase HIV susceptibility by activating immune responses associated with the clearance of microbial pathogens, inducing inflammation and elevations in cytokines related to HIV risk including IL-17, IL-6 and IL-1ß. Persistent C. albicans infections also promote the recruitment of T-helper 17 cells, which is a common HIV target cell, and neutrophils, which releases neutrophil proteases upon inflammation and mediates the cleavage of tight junction proteins, ultimately disrupting the oral microbiome. Conclusion: Increased immune cell recruitment to the mucosa and increased epithelial breakdown may facilitate the diffusion and access of HIV virions across the epithelium to immune target cells, suggesting that OPC and C.albicans infections has the potential to increase risk for oral HIV acquisition. Limited evidence of the relationship between C. albicans density, OPC, and oral HIV risk, warrants high-quality cross-sectional studies in the future.

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Soluble E‐cadherin: A marker of genital epithelial disruption

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Microbe-binding antibodies in the female genital tract: associations with the vaginal microbiome and genital immunology

Microbe-binding antibodies in the female genital tract: associations with the vaginal microbiome and genital immunology

Recent progress in Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural insights, and their impact on gastrointestinal health and oxidative stress management

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis, Candida Albicans Infections, and Oral Immune Mediators Associated with Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Literature Review

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