Soluble CD163 in intracerebral hemorrhage: biomarker for perihematomal edema

Abstract

ObjectivePatients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may elaborate varying degrees of perihematomal edema (PHE), requiring closer monitoring and a higher intensity of treatment. Here, we explore whether the soluble form of CD163, a scavenger receptor responsible for hemoglobin sequestration, can serve as a prognostic biomarker of PHE development and poor outcome after ICH.MethodsOur study cohort was comprised of 51 primary age‐ and sex‐matched ICH patients with moderate‐sized, hypertensive deep hemorrhages. Patients were part of a prospective ICH registry cataloguing admission data along with functional outcomes. We measured sCD163 levels in serial serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained at prespecified timepoints. Descriptive statistics, including a generalized estimating equation for longitudinal data, were used to analyze sCD163 in relation to ICH outcomes.ResultsAcute serum sCD163 (<48 h postictus) was significantly elevated in ICH patients compared to both acute neurological event controls (P = <0.001) and healthy controls (P = 0.003). As predicted, acute serum sCD163 levels were significantly associated with both hematoma volume expansion (P = 0.009) and PHE expansion (P = 0.002). Further examination determined that patients with high PHE expansion had poorer modified Rankin Scale scores at discharge (P = 0.024), and circulating sCD163 levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with high‐level PHE expansion.InterpretationAcute sCD163 levels may be a useful biomarker for the acute identification of patients at risk for hematoma expansion, perihematomal edema expansion and poorer short‐term outcomes.

PPAR-γ Promotes Hematoma Clearance through Haptoglobin-Hemoglobin-CD163 in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

“…Intracerebral hemorrhage is a devastating disease, and there has been no specific therapy to reduce the mortality [ 17 ]. It started from the blood's massive release into the brain parenchyma [ 3 , 11 , 18 ]. The red blood cell (RBC) lyses within several days and releases Hb at the same time [ 6 ].…”

“…It is only expressed in the monocyte-macrophage system [ 9 ] and is a 130 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein which can be combined with a variety of ligands. It also belongs to scavenger receptor superfamily class B [ 18 ]. CD163 is the cellular receptor target of Hp after ICH [ 10 ].…”

Development and validation of the hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage prognosis models

“…The performance of prognosis models can be optimized when introducing more risk factors into the analysis, such as intracranial pressure [ 28 ] and motor-evoked potential. [ 29 ] In recent years, some researchers have found that molecular markers such as serum sCD163 protein, [ 30 ] S100, [ 31 , 32 ] CRP, [ 33 ] BNP, [ 31 ] may also have correlations with prognosis, so they can also be tested as new HICH risk factors to improve the accuracy of prognosis. In this study, we focused on the establishment of prognosis models based on risk factors on admission to make a prediction in the early stage.…”

A Review of Hematoma Components Clearance Mechanism After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

“…TNF α-converting enzyme (ADAM17/TACE) has been identified to cleave CD163 using metalloproteinase inhibitors and siRNA-mediated knockdown ( Boretti et al, 2009 ). ADAM17, originally named TACE, is a membrane-anchored metalloproteinase, and expressed on macrophages and responds to thrombin and lysophosphatidic acid ( Roy-O’Reilly et al, 2017 ). A study reported that sCD163 is elevated in the serum of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) compared with healthy controls ( Etzerodt et al, 2017 ).…”