Soluble CD163-Associated Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Elevated soluble cluster of differentiation 163 (sCD163) concentrations, a marker of macrophage activation, are associated with obesity. Weight reduction decreases circulating CD163 levels, and changes in sCD163 levels are associated with improved metabolic dysfunction. Currently, the relationship between sCD163 and diet remains unclear. This study investigated dietary patterns associated with sCD163 concentrations and its predictive effect on metabolic syndrome (MetS). Data on anthropometrics, blood biochemistry, and a food frequency questionnaire were collected from 166 Taiwanese adults. sCD163 levels independently predicted MetS (odds ratio (OR): 5.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.13~13.44, p < 0.001), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.03~4.64, p < 0.001), and central obesity (OR: 3.90; 95% CI: 1.78~8.55, p < 0.001), after adjusting for age and sex. An adjusted linear regression analysis revealed strong correlations between levels of sCD163 and aspartate transaminase (AST) (β = 0.250 (0.023~0.477), p < 0.05) and red blood cell aggregation (β = 0.332 (0.035~0.628), p < 0.05). sCD163-associated dietary pattern scores (high frequencies of consuming noodles and desserts, and eating at home, and a low intake frequency of steamed/boiled/raw food, white/light-green-colored vegetables, orange/red/purple-colored vegetables, dairy products, seafood, dark-green leafy vegetables, and soy products) were positively correlated with MetS, liver injury biomarkers, and sCD163 levels (all p for trend < 0.05). Individuals with the highest dietary pattern scores (tertile 3) had a 2.37-fold [OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.04~5.37, p < 0.05] higher risk of MetS compared to those with the lowest scores (tertile 1). Overall, the study findings suggest the importance of a healthy dietary pattern in preventing elevated sCD163 levels and diet-related chronic disease such as MetS.

Healthy Taiwanese Eating Approach (TEA) toward Total Wellbeing and Healthy Longevity

“…In order to include only dietary factors highly associated with disease or health conditions of interest, we excluded dietary factors discovered by PCA or EFA that focused purely on dimension reduction of the multivariate dietary frequency variables. A total number of 19 articles were included in this review [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The flow chart of searching literatures is shown in Figure 1.…”

“…No matter what similarities or differences are discovered, they may provide insight into components of diet that work toward better or worse health. In this endeavor, we reviewed data mining-related literature [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] pertaining to Taiwanese dietary patterns and multiple health or disease outcomes and also described the recent Taiwanese dietary content using data collected in the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan from 2017 to 2020 in order to shed light on healthy eating patterns and options in Asians.…”

Increased macrophage activation marker soluble CD163 is associated with graft dysfunction and metabolic derangements in renal transplant recipients

“…The present study showed increased BMI and WHR, dyslipidemia, FSI and IR in patients with RT particularly with the development of CAD and these abnormalities were positively correlated with serum sCD163 levels supporting the link between macrophage activation and metabolic abnormalities. Previous studies showed an association between serum sCD163 concentration and a less favorable metabolic profile as judged by higher BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat [ [40] , [41] , [42] ], glucose homeostasis parameters, insulin [ 43 ], HOMA-IR [ 41 ], TC [ 43 ], LDL-C [ 40 ] and TG and by a lower HDL-C [ 42 ]. Moreover, Hu et al.…”

“…Moreover, Hu et al. [ 42 ], found that sCD163 levels independently predicted the risk of metabolic syndrome and central obesity and had positive trends with diabetes, dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. During lifestyle intervention, the change in sCD163 was positively associated with changes in BMI, FBG [ 44 ], HOMA-IR [ 22 , 44 ] and cholesterol, and inversely associated with the change in HDL-C [ 22 ] in obese subjects and patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.…”

The Gut–Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective

“…Discussion of adipose tissue MFs is beyond the scope of this manuscript, but they are extensively reviewed elsewhere [ 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 ]. MF activation in general is associated with disease severity in clinical NASH [ 159 , 160 , 161 ] and, moreover, correlates with dietary patterns [ 162 ].…”