Soluble CD14 concentration in human breast milk and its potential role in child atopic dermatitis: Results of the Ulm Birth Cohort Studies

Logan, Chad A.; Weiss, Johannes M.; Köenig, Wolfgang; Stahl, Bernd; Carr, Prudence R.; Brenner, Hermann; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Genuneit, Jon

doi:10.1111/cea.13245

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous studies have indicated that orally ingested sCD14 is considered the primary pattern recognition receptor of LPS specific to gram‐negative bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract . Moreover, it has been implicated in the development of resistance to potentially harmful bacteria and influences immune response programming . However, the association between sCD14 and atopic diseases remains unclear in clinical studies .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As the sCD14 level in the colostrum is significantly higher than that in the mature milk (Figure 1), we proposed that higher sCD14 concentrations in early infancy, rather than longer duration of breastfeeding, may be a more important factor that influences the development of an infant's immune system, gut microbiome, and possible atopic outcomes later in life. 20 Inconsistent results obtained from other studies regarding the associations between sCD14 and allergic manifestations 5,23,24 may be related to varying HM collection periods (from colostrum to 3-month HM), differences in atopy classification methods (eg, parent or physician's report), wide range of assessed atopic outcomes (eg, atopic dermatitis, wheeze, or asthma), and varying follow-up periods (from 1 to 5 years).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…19 Moreover, it has been implicated in the development of resistance to potentially harmful bacteria and influences immune response programming. 20 However, the association between sCD14 and atopic diseases remains unclear in clinical studies. 9 Some reports are in accordance with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of maternal allergy with human milk soluble CD14 and fatty acids, and early childhood atopic dermatitis

Hua

Kuo

Chen

et al. 2019

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Background This study aimed to investigate whether maternal allergy is associated with soluble CD14 (sCD14) and fatty acid composition in different stages of lactation and the onset of atopic dermatitis (AD) in early childhood. Methods In total, 443 mother‐child groups (445 children) were enrolled in the Prediction of Allergies in Taiwanese Children birth cohort study. Colostrum and mature milk at 2 months postpartum (2‐month HM) were collected from lactating mothers. Information regarding parental allergy histories and physician‐diagnosed atopic diseases was obtained using age‐specific questionnaires (0‐2 years). We compared sCD14 levels and the composition of 30 fatty acids in the colostrum and 2‐month HM, respectively, between allergic and non‐allergic mothers and between children with and without AD by the age of 2 years. Results In total, 185 (41.8%) mothers presented with allergies, and 154 (34.6%) children had physician‐diagnosed AD by the age of 2 years. Both in the colostrum and 2‐month HM of 289 lactating mothers, sCD14 levels were significantly lower in allergic mothers whose children presented with AD compared with children who did not (P = 0.015 and 0.044, respectively). Among the children with AD who were born to non‐allergic mothers, sCD14 levels were lower. However, the result was not statistically significant (P = 0.376 and 0.264, respectively). Our data revealed the lack of associations between fatty acid composition and AD (P > 0.05). Conclusion Decreased sCD14 levels in the colostrum and 2‐month HM were associated with AD at 2 years of age, particularly among children born to mothers with allergies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Association of maternal allergy with human milk soluble CD14 and fatty acids, and early childhood atopic dermatitis

Hua

Kuo

Chen

et al. 2019

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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“…Although 1 study found maternal linkage on a locus associated with AD, 209 no studies have found evidence of paternal imprinting in AD, [210][211][212] and no clear mediating pathways have been established related to IgE, 51,58,114,136,173,[213][214][215] inflammatory cytokines, 28,173,213,[216][217][218][219][220] and cellular immunity 104,[221][222][223] measured in cord blood or breast milk composition. [224][225][226][227] Consequently, the hypothesis of preferential maternal inheritance in AD remains unsupported by robust biological models, and we observed a comparable effect of maternal and paternal inheritance.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 54%

How does parental history of atopic disease predict the risk of atopic dermatitis in a child? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ravn

Halling

Berkowitz

et al. 2020

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Background: Parental history of atopic disease is a wellestablished risk factor for the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), but several aspects of this association remain unclear. Objective: We sought to determine the association of parental history of atopic disease with AD in offspring. Methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE through June 2018 for relevant records and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were calculated using random-effects models. Results: A total of 163 records covering 149 unique studies were included. Of these, 119 studies were included in the metaanalysis. Individuals with parental history of atopic disease had increased odds of AD (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.65-1.99). Parental asthma (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.18-2.05) and allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.34-2.11) had a smaller effect than AD (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.46-4.42). The effect of maternal and paternal history was comparable for all atopic diseases. An increase in odds was observed when comparing the effect of having 1 (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.47) or 2 atopic parents (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.83-2.36), as well as having a parent with 1 (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.28-1.74) or more atopic diseases (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.92-2.81). Conclusions: This study provides evidence-based risk estimates that may guide physicians who counsel parents with a history of atopic disease about their children's risk of AD. This information is of particular importance for future efforts toward establishing prophylactic interventions for AD on a general population level.

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“…By contrast, Savilahi et al documented that higher sCD14 levels in BM 3 months postpartum were associated with IgE-mediated allergic disorders by the age of 5 years [22]. Other studies found sCD14 levels either in colostrum or mature milk were not associated with subsequent development of eczema or atopic sensitization during early life [23,24,25,26]. The substantial variations in study protocols, such as time of outcome measurement, selection of subjects, change in other immunomodulators in BM with time, etc., may contribute to these conflicting results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble CD14 in Breast Milk and Its Relation to Atopic Manifestations in Early Infancy

et al. 2019

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Soluble CD14 (sCD14) is one of the immunomodulatory factors in breast milk (BM). Although it may be involved in the prevention of atopic symptoms and sensitization to both food and inhalant allergens, conflicting evidence exists concerning its protective effects. In this study, we investigated the relationship between sCD14 in colostrum and 1-month BM, and the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) and sensitization to food and aeroallergens at 9 months of age in infants who were exclusively or almost exclusively breastfed up to 4 months of age. BM samples were collected from lactating mothers who participated in a 2 × 2 factorial, randomized, nontreatment controlled trial study set in Tokyo, which looked at the efficacy of emollients and synbiotics in preventing AD and food allergy in children during the first year of life. A total of 258 colostrum samples and 269 1-month BM samples were analyzed. We found that one-month BM sCD14 levels in the AD group were significantly lower than in the non-AD group. Levels of sCD14 in 1-month BM were not related to allergen sensitization in the overall analysis, but egg white sensitization correlated inversely with 1-month BM sCD14 in infants without AD. The results suggest that sCD14 in BM may be involved in atopic manifestations in early infancy.

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Soluble CD14 concentration in human breast milk and its potential role in child atopic dermatitis: Results of the Ulm Birth Cohort Studies

Abstract: Our results do not support an association between sCD14 concentration in mature breast milk and AD among breastfed children.

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Association of maternal allergy with human milk soluble CD14 and fatty acids, and early childhood atopic dermatitis

Association of maternal allergy with human milk soluble CD14 and fatty acids, and early childhood atopic dermatitis

How does parental history of atopic disease predict the risk of atopic dermatitis in a child? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Soluble CD14 in Breast Milk and Its Relation to Atopic Manifestations in Early Infancy

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