Soluble antigens from group B streptococci induce cytokine production in human blood cultures

Hunolstein, C von; Totolian, A; Alfarone, Giovanna; Mancuso, Giuseppe; Cusumano, V.; Teti, Giuseppe; Orefici, Graziella

doi:10.1128/iai.65.10.4017-4021.1997

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Blockade experiments of cytokine release by human monocytes in response to group B Streptococcus (GBS) components revealed a TNF‐ independent induction of IL‐1. However, IL‐6 levels were significantly decreased by anti‐TNF but not by anti‐IL‐1 antibodies [41]. The interactions between these bacterial‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines seem to be different for S. suis and GBS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

CD14-dependent and -independent cytokine and chemokine production by human THP-1 monocytes stimulated byStreptococcus suiscapsular type 2

Segura

Vadeboncoeur

Gottschalk

2002

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYStreptococcus suis capsular type 2 is an important aetiologic agent of swine meningitis, and it has been highlighted as a cause of occupational disease leading to meningitis and fulminant sepsis in humans. The objective of the present work was to study the ability of S. suis type 2 to induce the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein one (MCP-1) by human monocytic THP-1 cells. The induction of these five cytokines was doseand incubation time-dependent, and it was significantly enhanced by pre-treatment of cells with interferon gamma. IL-8 levels were markedly higher compared with those obtained with the other cytokines. However, elevated levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 were also observed. Levels of cytokine induced by heatkilled or live bacteria were similar. Pre-treatment of cells with anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies suggested that this important host receptor is partially implicated in TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and MCP-1 production, while CD14-independent pathways seem to be responsible for IL-8 production after S. suis stimulation. In addition, blocking studies with anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 antibodies revealed that these cytokines are involved in amplification of the S. suis-induced cytokine cascade. When several different S. suis strains of human or porcine origin were compared, a very heterogeneous pattern of cytokine production was observed. Human strains did not exhibit a clear tendency to induce higher cytokine release by human THP-1 monocytes. The synergistic effect of the up-regulation of cytokines during S. suis meningitis may mediate many of the inflammatory reactions, including the sequestration of leucocytes at the site of infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

CD14-dependent and -independent cytokine and chemokine production by human THP-1 monocytes stimulated byStreptococcus suiscapsular type 2

Segura

Vadeboncoeur

Gottschalk

2002

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…The measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, chemokine IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling protein was carried out by quantifying mRNA expression levels as described previously [ 15 ]. We investigated these factors due to their role in the host response during GBS infection of brain endothelium and other cell types [ 9 , 66 , 67 , 70 – 72 ]. SVG-A cells were infected with GBS over time as described in Materials and Methods and transcript abundance of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF were measured and normalized to the expression level of GAPDH housekeeping gene and compared to uninfected controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group B Streptococcal Infection and Activation of Human Astrocytes

et al. 2015

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Background Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is the leading cause of life-threatening meningitis in human newborns in industrialized countries. Meningitis results from neonatal infection that occurs when GBS leaves the bloodstream (bacteremia), crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and enters the central nervous system (CNS), where the bacteria contact the meninges. Although GBS is known to invade the BBB, subsequent interaction with astrocytes that physically associate with brain endothelium has not been well studied.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe hypothesize that human astrocytes play a unique role in GBS infection and contribute to the development of meningitis. To address this, we used a well- characterized human fetal astrocyte cell line, SVG-A, and examined GBS infection in vitro. We observed that all GBS strains of representative clinically dominant serotypes (Ia, Ib, III, and V) were able to adhere to and invade astrocytes. Cellular invasion was dependent on host actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, and was specific to GBS as Streptococcus gordonii failed to enter astrocytes. Analysis of isogenic mutant GBS strains deficient in various cell surface organelles showed that anchored LTA, serine-rich repeat protein (Srr1) and fibronectin binding (SfbA) proteins all contribute to host cell internalization. Wild-type GBS also displayed an ability to persist and survive within an intracellular compartment for at least 12 h following invasion. Moreover, GBS infection resulted in increased astrocyte transcription of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and VEGF.Conclusions/SignificanceThis study has further characterized the interaction of GBS with human astrocytes, and has identified the importance of specific virulence factors in these interactions. Understanding the role of astrocytes during GBS infection will provide important information regarding BBB disruption and the development of neonatal meningitis.

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“…Similar results were observed for MCP‐1 production by human BMECs stimulated with a different nonencapsulated mutant strain and by human monocytes infected with strain Reims, a naturally poorly encapsulated S. suis isolate (Caumont et al , 1996; Segura et al , 2002; Vadeboncoeur et al , 2003). The reduced capacity of nonencapsulated S. suis strains to induce MCP‐1 is difficult to explain, given that the cell wall components are highly exposed at the bacterial surface and that Gram‐positive bacterial cell wall antigens are well known to induce MCP‐1 production (von Hunolstein et al , 1997; Hausler et al , 2002; Moller et al , 2003). In the wild‐type encapsulated strain, a balance between encapsulation and access to cell wall components, such that the cell wall is not completely covered by the capsular layer or components are released during bacterial growth (Tuomanen et al , 1985; Lalonde et al , 2000), may determine the relative extent of MCP‐1 production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine modulation byStreptococcus suisin a whole-blood culture system

Segura

Vanier

Al-Numani

et al. 2006

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

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Streptococcus suis is an important swine and human pathogen. Inflammation, a hallmark of S. suis infection, is thought to be responsible for most clinical signs of meningitis, septicaemia and sudden death. In this work, using a porcine whole blood model, S. suis serotype 2 was shown to trigger the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines as evaluated by reverse transcriptase-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Although individual variations were observed among different S. suis strains, no correlations were observed between the strain origin/phenotype and cytokine levels. Live bacteria induced higher tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6 levels than did heat-killed bacteria. In contrast, heat-killed bacteria stimulated higher levels of IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein one (MCP-1). The bacterial cell wall was observed to be the major cytokine-inducting components, whereas capsule expression was important for MCP-1 activation. The presence of specific antibodies suppressed bacterial growth resulting in significantly reduced levels of cytokine production. Thus, antibody-mediated bacterial phagocytosis combined with suppressed inflammation may be beneficial for infection control strategies. We provide first evidence of S.suis-induction of pro-inflammatory swine cytokines and demonstrate the strength and relevance of the whole blood culture systems in the investigation of S. suis modulation of cytokine production.

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Soluble antigens from group B streptococci induce cytokine production in human blood cultures

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

CD14-dependent and -independent cytokine and chemokine production by human THP-1 monocytes stimulated byStreptococcus suiscapsular type 2

CD14-dependent and -independent cytokine and chemokine production by human THP-1 monocytes stimulated byStreptococcus suiscapsular type 2

Group B Streptococcal Infection and Activation of Human Astrocytes

Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine modulation byStreptococcus suisin a whole-blood culture system

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