Soluble and insoluble copper formulations and metallic copper rate for control of citrus canker on sweet orange trees

Behlau, Franklin; Scandelai, Luís Henrique Mariano; Silva, Geraldo José da; Lanza, F.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2017.01.003

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Copper ions gradually released from the fixed forms confer chemical protection by killing the bacterium on arrival on the treated surface Menkissoglu and Lindow, 1991). The rate of metallic copper used and the frequency of spray applications per season depend on the weather conditions and the desired period of protection (Behlau et al, 2010b(Behlau et al, , 2017b. About 0.54-1.12 kg of metallic copper per hectare every 21 days is recommended to protect spring flush growth or fruit surfaces (Behlau et al, 2017b;Dewdney et al, 2016;Scapin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Management Of CCmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although copper-based bactericides have proven to be effective for the control of CC, these chemicals are unable to completely suppress the inoculum, and frequent applications throughout the spring and summer are required to minimize losses (Behlau et al, 2008(Behlau et al, , 2010b(Behlau et al, , 2017bGraham et al, 2010Graham et al, , 2011Graham et al, , 2016aScapin et al, 2015). The pressure imposed by the continuous application of copper drives the selection of resistant strains and favours a gradual increase in the frequency of resistant pathogens within the bacterial population, which jeopardizes the continued effectiveness of the sprays (Sundin et al, 1989).…”

Section: Management Of CCmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in the understanding of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri pathogenesis and citrus canker disease management

Ference

Gochez²,

Behlau

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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131

104

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Taxonomic status: Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Xanthomonadales; Family Xanthomonadaceae; Genus Xanthomonas; Species Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc). Host range: Compatible hosts vary in their susceptibility to citrus canker (CC), with grapefruit, lime and lemon being the most susceptible, sweet orange being moderately susceptible, and kumquat and calamondin being amongst the least susceptible. Microbiological properties: Xcc is a rod-shaped (1.5-2.0 × 0.5-0.75 µm), Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium with a single polar flagellum. The bacterium forms yellow colonies on culture media as a result of the production of xanthomonadin. Distribution: Present in South America, the British Virgin Islands, Africa, the Middle East, India, Asia and the South Pacific islands. Localized incidence in the USA, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Tanzania, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Bangladesh. Widespread throughout Paraguay, Comoros, China, Japan, Malaysia and Vietnam. Eradicated from South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Absent from Europe.

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Section: Management Of CCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Management Of CCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the understanding of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri pathogenesis and citrus canker disease management

Ference

Gochez²,

Behlau

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

Self Cite

131

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The effectiveness of copper to protect against X. citri infection is well‐demonstrated (Behlau, Amorim, et al, 2010; Behlau, 2010; Behlau, Scandelai, Da Silva, & Lanza, 2017; Graham, Dewdney, & Myers, 2010). However, after decades of heavy application of copper to protect crops around the world, including citrus, the emergence of copper resistance in plant pathogenic bacteria has become a matter of concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexyl gallate for the control of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp citri

et al. 2020

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Brazil is the biggest producer of sweet oranges and the main exporter of concentrated orange juice in the world. Among the diseases that affect citriculture, Asiatic citrus canker, caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri, represents one of the most significant threats. The current Brazilian legislation regulating the control of citrus canker no longer requires the eradication of affected trees in states where the incidence of the disease is high. Instead, control involves disease control measures, including periodic preventative spraying of copper compounds. The long‐term use of copper for plant disease control has raised concerns about environmental accumulation and toxicity, as well as the selective pressure it exerts leading to the emergence of copper‐resistant X. citri strains. Here, we evaluated hexyl gallate (G6) as an alternative to copper compounds for citrus plant protection. G6 was able to protect citrus nursery trees against X. citri infection. Thirty days after inoculation, the trees treated with G6 developed 0.5 lesions/cm2 leaf area compared with the 2.84 lesions/cm2 observed in the untreated control trees. Also, G6 did not interfere with germination and root development of tomato, lettuce, and arugula, which is consistent with our previous data showing that G6 is safe for tissue culture cell lines. Membrane permeability tests showed that the primary target of G6 is the bacterial outer membrane. Finally, we could not isolate spontaneous X. citri mutants resistant to G6 nor induce resistance to G6 after long‐term exposures to increasing concentrations of the compound, which suggests that G6 may have multiple cellular targets. This study demonstrated that G6 is a promising candidate for the development and use in citrus canker management.

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“…Cupric bactericides still represent the most popular chemical approach (Behlau et al . 2017). However, they have a strictly preventive character, showing neither curative efficacy nor systemic activity in the plant (Lamichhane et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic inactivation of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

Ndemueda

Pereira

Faustino

2020

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The present work intended to evaluate the applicability of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri with toluidine blue O (TBO), a commercial photosensitizer, as a strategy to control citrus canker. Assays were conducted with cell suspensions and biofilms, constructed either on polypropylene microtubes (in vitro assays) or on the surface of orange leaves (ex vivo assays), in the presence of TBO and under irradiation with artificial white light or natural sunlight. PDI assays using TBO alone caused a maximum 5·8 log10 reduction of X. citri viable cells in suspensions, and a much smaller inactivation (1·5 log10) in biofilms. However, concomitant use of KI potentiated the TBO photosensitization. Biofilms were inactivated down to the detection limit (>6 log10 reduction) with 5·0 µmol l−1 TBO + 10 mmol l−1 KI (in vitro) or 5·0 µmol l−1 TBO + 100 mmol l−1 KI (ex vivo) after artificial white light irradiation. Under natural sunlight, a reduction down to the detection limit of the Miles–Misra method was achieved with 50 µmol l−1 TBO and 100 mmol l−1 KI. PDI has potential to be applied in the control of citrus canker in field conditions although further studies are needed to show that there are no risks to plant physiology or fruit quality. Significance and Impact of the Study Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is a major cause of disease in citrus orchards. Because of the low efficacy and high environmental toxicity of copper‐based treatments, there is growing interest on more sustainable phytosanitary approaches. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is being successfully used to control infectious agents and literature reports indicate that it is effective against some fungi and bacteria attacking fruit crops. The results of the present work open the perspective of using a low‐cost photosensitizer and sunlight, as energy source, to control of the causative agent of citrus canker.

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Soluble and insoluble copper formulations and metallic copper rate for control of citrus canker on sweet orange trees

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Recent advances in the understanding of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri pathogenesis and citrus canker disease management

Recent advances in the understanding of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri pathogenesis and citrus canker disease management

Hexyl gallate for the control of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp citri

Photodynamic inactivation of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

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