Soluble and Colloidal Iron in the Oligotrophic North Atlantic and North Pacific

Wu, Jingfeng; Boyle, Edward A.; Sunda, William G.; Wen, Liang

doi:10.1126/science.1059251

Cited by 428 publications

(466 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The concentrations of DFe in the surface water were in good agreement with values reported in the eastern North Atlantic offshore of Portugal (Blain et al, 2004), but slightly lower than DFe concentrations reported by Wu and Luther III (1994) in the North West Atlantic. The concentrations of DFe in deep waters are typical for the North Atlantic (Wu et al, 2001). The concentrations of DMn were also in the range reported in the literature for surface and deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean (Statham and Burton, 1986;Statham et al, 1998;Landing et al, 1995).…”

Section: Distributions Of Dfe and Dmnsupporting

confidence: 56%

Sources and transport of dissolved iron and manganese along the continental margin of the Bay of Biscay

Laës-Huon¹,

Blain

Laan

et al. 2007

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Dissolved iron (DFe; <0.2 µm) and dissolved manganese (DMn; <0.2 µm) concentrations were determined in the water column of the Bay of Biscay (eastern North Atlantic Ocean) in March 2002. The samples were collected along a transect traversing from the European continental shelf over the continental slope. The highest DFe and DMn concentrations (2.39 nM and 6.10 nM, respectively) were observed in the bottom waters on the shelf at stations closest to the coast. The release of trace metal from resuspended particles and the diffusion from pore waters were probably at the origin of elevated DFe and DMn concentrations in the Bottom Boundary Layer (BBL). In the slope region, the highest total dissolvable iron (TDFe), DFe and DMn values (24.6 nM, 1.58 nM and 2.12 nM, respectively) were observed close to the bottom at depth of ca. 600-700 m. Internal wave activity and slope circulation are thought to be at the origin of this phenomenon. These processes were also very likely the cause of elevated concentrations (DFe: 1.27 nM, DMn: 2.34 nM) measured in surface waters of stations located in the same area. At stations off the continental slope, the vertical distribution of both metals were typical of open ocean conditions, indicating that inputs from the continental margin did not impact the metal distributions in the offshore waters.

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Section: Distributions Of Dfe and Dmnsupporting

confidence: 56%

Sources and transport of dissolved iron and manganese along the continental margin of the Bay of Biscay

Laës-Huon¹,

Blain

Laan

et al. 2007

Biogeosciences

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“…Iron exists in different physico‐chemical forms in seawater. Traditionally, filtration is performed to differentiate between the different physical size fractions (Wu et al 2001; Ussher et al 2004, 2010a). Additionally, iron occurs in two oxidation states; Fe(II) and Fe(III).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined uncertainty estimation for the determination of the dissolved iron amount content in seawater using flow injection with chemiluminescence detection

Floor

Clough

Lohan

et al. 2015

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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This work assesses the components contributing to the combined uncertainty budget associated with the measurement of the Fe amount content by flow injection chemiluminescence (FI‐CL) in <0.2 μm filtered and acidified seawater samples. Amounts of loaded standard solutions and samples were determined gravimetrically by differential weighing. Up to 5% variations in the loaded masses were observed during measurements, in contradiction to the usual assumptions made when operating under constant loading time conditions. Hence signal intensities (V) were normalised to the loaded mass and plots of average normalised intensities (in V kg−1) vs. values of the Fe amount content (in nmol kg−1) added to a “low level” iron seawater matrix were used to produce the calibration graphs. The measurement procedure implemented and the uncertainty estimation process developed were validated from the agreement obtained with consensus values for three SAFe and GEOTRACES reference materials (D2, GS, and GD). Relative expanded uncertainties for peak height and peak area based results were estimated to be around 12% and 10% (coverage factor k = 2), respectively. The most important contributory factors were the uncertainty on the sensitivity coefficient (i.e., calibration slope) and the within‐sequence‐stability (i.e., the signal stability over several hours of operation; here 32 h). For GD, using peak height measurements, these factors contributed respectively 69.7% and 21.6% while the short‐term repeatability accounted for only 7.9%. Therefore, an uncertainty estimation based on the intensity repeatability alone, as is often done in FI‐CL studies, is not a realistic estimation of the overall uncertainty of the procedure.

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“…The concentration of total dissolved iron in the oceans ranges from 0.01 to 10 nM, and includes both small soluble Fe species and colloidal forms (Nishioka, et al 2001;Sarthou, and Jeandel, 2001;de Jong et al, 2007); substantial portion of soluble Fe is present in the colloidal size range (80 to 90 % in near-surface waters) (Wu et al, 2001). Fe(II) in seawater is usually present as complexed species, such as FeCO 3 or FeCl + and, under oxic conditions at the pH of seawater, Fe(II) species are rapidly oxidized to Fe(III) by O 2 and H 2 O 2 , as Fe(III) is the thermodynamically stable form of iron in seawater, freshwater and most aqueous systems containing dissolved oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of iron species in the photo-transformation of phenol in artificial and natural seawater

Calza

Massolino

Pelizzetti

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

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The role played by iron oxides (goethite and akaganeite) and iron(II)/(III) species as photosensitizers toward the transformation of organic matter was examined in saline water using phenol as a model molecule. The study was carried out in NaCl 0.7 M solution at pH 8, artificial (ASW) and natural (NSW) seawater, in a device simulating solar light spectrum and intensity. Under When NSW is spiked with phenol and iron oxides, Fe(II) or Fe(III), halophenols production is enhanced. A close analogy exists between Fe(III), Fe(II)/goethite in ASW and NSW products. Different halophenols production in the natural seawater samples depends on Fe(II)/goethite (above all for 3-chlorophenol, 2,3-dichlorophenol and 4-bromophenol formation) and on Fe(III) colloidal species (3-chlorophenol).3

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Soluble and Colloidal Iron in the Oligotrophic North Atlantic and North Pacific

Cited by 428 publications

References 30 publications

Sources and transport of dissolved iron and manganese along the continental margin of the Bay of Biscay

Sources and transport of dissolved iron and manganese along the continental margin of the Bay of Biscay

Combined uncertainty estimation for the determination of the dissolved iron amount content in seawater using flow injection with chemiluminescence detection

Role of iron species in the photo-transformation of phenol in artificial and natural seawater

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