Solubilization and Characterization of<i>Chondrosia Reniformis</i>Sponge Collagen

Imhoff, Jean-Marie; Garrone, R.

doi:10.3109/03008208309004855

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Although the presence of sponge collagen has been histologically proved, the characteristic insolubility and mineralization causes methodological problems while isolating and studying the collagen from the collected sponges [32,33]. Despite of the aforementioned impediments, marine demosponges were chosen for the present study because of their potentiality of producing novel collagens towards various medicinal and cosmeceutical applications [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and biophysical characterization of collagens of marine sponge, Ircinia fusca (Porifera: Demospongiae: Irciniidae)

Pallela

Sreedhar

Janapala

2011

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and biophysical characterization of collagens of marine sponge, Ircinia fusca (Porifera: Demospongiae: Irciniidae)

Pallela

Sreedhar

Janapala

2011

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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“…In freshwater sponge collagen (Fig. 10), the shorter region is clearly bounded by a light ring and (Imhoff and Garrone, 1983). The latter method, which is based on reversal of the charges on lysine side chains (by reaction with phtalic anhydride), led to partial collagen solubilization.…”

Section: The Ever Present Collagen Fibrilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Collagen of the Porifera

Garrone

1985

Biology of Invertebrate and Lower Vertebrate Collagens

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The phylum Porifera is not a widely known group of animals. Although the skeleton of certain species, the bath sponges, is a common object, most people have no idea that it represents the collagenous skeleton of an animal. Even for Biologists, the sponges are poorly documented and their collagen remains one of the most puzzling in the animal kingdom. However, there is now an increasing interest in the biology of these primitive and fascinating multicellular animals and several recent books are available (Bergquist, 1978;Brien et al., 1973;Garrone, 1978; Simpson, 1984). WHAT THE SPONGES ARE, WHAT THEY ARE NOT General featuresThe animal nature of sponges was firmly established in the early nineteenth century and they are now considered as one of the most primitive multicellular animals, the first metazoans. The phylum Porifera, relatively small, comprises less than 6000 species, all being aquatic. Sponges have colonized all the seas and, for freshwater species, lakes and streams. They show a great diversity in colours, size (from a few millimeters to more than a meter) and shape. According to the species, they can be erect and form cups, fans, trees or finger-like structures; they can spread over the substratum or grow in a globular fashion. They are sedentary, filterfeeding animals and they reproduce by sexual mechanisms or asexual processes involving in certain cases special structures, the gemmules (see Simpson et al., this volume) or even by regeneration. They possess an apparent simplicity in their cellular structures (Simpson, 1984) which makes them a very suitable system for experimental studies, particularly in the field of cell recognition.

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“…I found that the spongin in A. queenslandica contained 34.9 % glycine (Table 3.6). This is close to the values reported for Chondria reniformis (30.5 %) (Imhoff & Garrone, 1983), Scypha graminae (31.5 % -32.3 %) (Plez & Gross, 1958) and Ircinia sp. (32.3 %) (Junqua et al, 1974).…”

Section: Amino Acid Compositionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…L-cysteine was not measured by the methods used, while L-methionine and L-trpytophan were destroyed during the acid hydrolysis sample preparation (Chapter 3; Watson et al, 2014a). Published literature on the composition of sponge collagens supports the assumption taken in generating the skeletal amino acid composition that L-cysteine and L-methionine, the sulfur containing amino acids, contribute little to the overall spongin or collagen composition (Clancey, 1926;Imhoff & Garrone, 1983;Junqua et al, 1974;Lipinski et al, 2001). The analysis of collagen within Spongia graminea showed 0.48% and 1.67% sulfur content (Gross et al, 1956), while Chondrosia reniformis skeleton did not contain detectable cysteine and only trace amounts of methionine (Imhoff & Garrone, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

Modelling sponge-symbiont metabolism

Watson¹

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Marine sponges are increasingly being recognised for their nutrient cycling ecosystem services, linking pelagic nutrients with the benthic ecosystem. Furthermore, sponges are the most prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites in the marine environment. Despite their ecological and commercial value, little is know about the metabolic processes that are responsible. The inability to produce sufficient sponge biomass, and thus specific bioactive compounds, has been repeatedly identified as a major bottleneck towards commercialising sponge holobiont derived drugs. Likewise, nutrient cycling by sponges has been a relatively recent advancement in marine ecology and the scale of this process is unknown. This thesis takes a systems approach to understanding sponge-symbiont metabolic processes by utilising the genomic resources available for the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica and its bacterial symbiont AqS1. Specifically, I undertake genome-scale modelling and metabolic flux analyses to investigate the metabolic networks present in this sponge as well as its associated vertically-transmitted microbial symbiont. The goal of this thesis is to generate the data required for, and subsequently develop, a dual-species genome-scale metabolic model for A. queenslandica and AqS1. This will provide a framework to further our understanding of how sponges produce their biomass while living in an oligotrophic, tropical reef environment.To develop a genome-scale metabolic model, the biochemical composition of the organism must first be determined. Knowledge of the relative quantities of macromolecules and their respective building blocks (e.g. protein and amino acids) is vital, as each requires different substrates, enzymes and cofactors for their synthesis. I adapted and developed methods to characterise the composition and abundance of DNA, RNA, protein, lipids and carbohydrates in a marine sponge. These methods are described in detail that allows them to be easily transferred to other, non-model, large marine organisms. This is followed by a detailed analysis of A. queenslandica's macromolecular, amino acid, fatty acid and sterol composition. The biochemical data from this chapter was used to generate a biomass equation that represent the average composition of adult A. queenslandica in the metabolic model. 3To understand how the metabolic network may work towards producing more biomass, it must be considered in the context of the environmental conditions that naturally constrain growth. The dominant environmental constraint on growth on an oligotrophic reef system is nutrient availability.The abundance of key elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, were quantified throughout the course of a year. To investigate effects on the sponge of any changes in nutrient availability, I concurrently sampled sponges and analysed their biochemical composition to the macromolecular level. Chapter 4 presents these data and discusses a number of trends and correlations in the biochemical composition of the sponges with chan...

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Solubilization and Characterization ofChondrosia ReniformisSponge Collagen

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Biochemical and biophysical characterization of collagens of marine sponge, Ircinia fusca (Porifera: Demospongiae: Irciniidae)

Biochemical and biophysical characterization of collagens of marine sponge, Ircinia fusca (Porifera: Demospongiae: Irciniidae)

The Collagen of the Porifera

Modelling sponge-symbiont metabolism

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