Solubility of β-Carotene and Glyceryl Trioleate Mixture in Supercritical CO₂

Abstract

The phase behavior of the system β-carotene− glyceryl trioleate−CO 2 has been investigated using a variablevolume high-pressure cell. The mass fraction of β-carotene in the initial mixture with glyceryl trioleate was 0.1. The gas rich phase was sampled in the pressure range from (25 to 60) MPa at temperatures of (313, 323, and 333) K. The solubilities in dense CO 2 under the investigated conditions were in the range from (4.51•10 −7 to 1.22•10 −5 ) mol•mol −1 for β-carotene and from (0.38•10 −3 to 1.91•10 −3 ) mol•mol −1 for glyceryl trioleate. The results were compared with those found in the literature. The experimental data were correlated using a density based model proposed by Chrastil.

New developments in the modelling of carotenoids extraction from microalgae with supercritical CO2

“…Furthermore, the enhancement of -carotene solubility in the presence of triolein was increasing with increasing CO 2 density. This observation is confirmed by the change in the exponent of the density in the Chrastil equation used to correlate the solubility with temperature and density, which was determined as k = 9.7 for the solubility of pure -carotene [40], and as k = 15.73 for the mixture of -carotene and triolein [37]. The difference between the vapor phase concentrations of triolein, which was two orders of magnitude higher than the saturated concentration of -carotene, and the solubility values of pure triolein in scCO 2 was within experimental error [37,38].…”

“…These discrepancies can be attributed not only to the limitations of the different experimental techniques applied but also to differences in the purity of -carotene, in its state crystalline or amorphous, and, moreover, to its limited stability. Thermal degradation, oxidizing, and isomerization of -carotene can substantially affect the results of measurement [4,37]. These factors affect also the solubility data of other carotenoids.…”

“…The effect of oil or its representative triolein on the solubility of -carotene in scCO 2 was measured using either the dynamic method, where CO 2 was saturated with oil before it flowed to the column containing carotenoid [40], or an equilibrium cell loaded with both carotenoid and triolein [37,38].…”

P-x,y Equilibrium Data of the Binary Systems of 2-Propanol, 1-Butanol and 2-Butanol with Carbon Dioxide at 313.15 K and 333.15 K

“…The cell contained a blade turbine stirrer for the mixing phases and two 200 W electric heaters (mod. Firerod, WATLOW, St. Louis, MO, USA) inserted in the stainless-steel coat of the cell [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Phase Equilibrium Data of Tetrabutylurea, Tetramethylurea, and Tetramethylthiourea/Carbon Dioxide at Pressures up to 200 bar at 313.15 and 333.15 K

“…Firerod, WATLOW, MO) inserted in the stainless-steel coat of the cell to establish the required temperature. 12,13 The volume of each liquid sample (tetrabutylurea or tetramethylurea) loaded to the cell was 30 mL. In the case of tetramethylthiourea, 5 g of solid material was added inside the view cell.…”