Solubility of Mn in ZnO Nanocrystallites using Wet Chemical Synthesis

Transparent conducting oxide material, ZnO nanoparticles has been synthesized using inexpensive and eco-friendly synthesis procedures with less or environmental pollutants and no liquid waste products. The effect of the temperatures on the structural properties for the synthesized ZnO nanocrystals has been investigated. In this study, we report an easy, low-cost, re-producible method for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles by means of the liquid phase method. The ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized using the wet chemical route and the effect of temperature variation on the structural properties of investigated synthesized using powder x-ray diffractogram (XRD). The temperatures for the synthesis were varied from 120 °C to 200 °C in steps of 20 °C. The results show that, during the first stage of the synthesis of ZnO (at 120 °C), the XRD diffraction pattern confirms the cubic structure of zinc peroxide and the XRD pattern of the samples obtained at temperatures of 140 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C were confirmed to be hexagonal (wurtzite) crystal structure of ZnO. The XRD diffraction patterns of the 140 °C and 160 °C samples show some impurity phases which were associated with the zinc acetate by-product which is a colloid complex of water and methyl succinate and were removed by evaporation as temperatures were increased to 180 °C and 200 °C respectively. As temperature increases, the peak of the diffractograms of the sample becomes sharper and narrow indicating a decrease in width. A shift in peak positions to higher angles was observed and the positional parameter, bond angle, β, average crystallite size, APF, number of unit cells and density generally increase with temperature. However, the lattice parameters ‘a’ and ‘c’, bond lengths b and b1, bond angle, α, dislocation density, strain and unit cell volume were found to generally decrease with temperature.

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“…The graph demonstrates that as the calcination temperature rises, the volume of the unit cell decreases. This trend is consistent with [11].…”

Section: Volume Of Unit Cellsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The entire procedure was repeated three times at decomposition temperatures of 160 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C for each case. This procedure has been reported earlier in the work of Armah et al [11].…”

Section: H2c-cooch3mentioning

confidence: 83%

Temperature Dependence on Structural Properties of Liquid Phase Synthesized ZnO

Armah

Koffi

2023

Adv. Nan. Res.

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“…The shift in the XRD diffraction peaks indicates that the Mn ion is successfully incorporated into the ZnO lattice as a substitutional atom. This finding has also been reported by Armah et al [21], Abrishami et al [29] and Goswami and Singha [28]. This is most likely attributable to growth process and conditions (synthesis method phase and temperature), which allow different distributions of Mn within the ZnO structure [25].…”

Section: Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In this procedure, yellowish crystals of ZnO2 were first prepared using the wet chemical process as described earlier in full details in the work of Armah et al [21]. The appropriate amounts of already prepared ZnO2 and manganese acetate were ground in order to achieve uniform mixture of the precursors using the required composition.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Mn Doped Zno Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Mn in ZnO Crystallites Synthesized Using Solid State Techniques

et al. 2020

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Powder samples of Zn1-xMnxO nanocrystal were synthesized at a temperature of 200 °C using solid phase method. Dopant concentrations of 0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 were studied. Powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of the samples were analyzed with a view of determining the onset of secondary phases, hence the solubility limit of the dopant. The solubility limit for Mn in ZnO samples synthesized at 200 °C is realized at x < 0.3. With a regular pattern in increment of the Mn concentration, there were variations observed in the trend of the relative intensity, 2θ position and d-spacing indicating uneven addition of Mn (thus Mn2+, Mn3+ or Mn4+).

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“…As a result, research into such materials has been on the increase in the past decade. Among the many transition metal oxides, and out of all the 3d metal ions dopants, manganese as an element is biocompatible and manganese oxide is the only binary compound that parades a diversity of oxidation states ensuing in assorted chemical and structural formulae such as MnO, MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, and Mn5O8 forms [5]. It also has multiple ionic radii which makes the chemistry of its compounds very rich.…”

Section: Background Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Properties of Mn Doped ZnO Nanocrystallites Using Wet Chemical Synthesis

Nii Abekah Akwetey Armah,

Huvert Azoda Koffi

2023

NUST J. Eng. Sci.

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To get the required electrical, magnetic, structural and optical properties, materials are required to be doped with suitable impurities. The use of transition metals as a dopant in ZnO has been investigated to determine how they alter the various properties. Several research concerning the synthesis of TM-doped ZnO via various methods with the solubility limit of TM elements in ZnO has been reported. The distribution of the TMs into the ZnO matrix has been reported with divergent views. In this work, Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles has been synthesized by means of reasonable and ecologically friendly procedure by means of the liquid phase method with fewer conservational contaminants and no leftover products. The influence of the dopant on the structural properties of the produced ZnO nanocrystals was scrutinized using powder x-ray diffractogram (XRD). The Mn-doping concentration, x, was varied ( ) at temperatures of 180°C and 200 °C. Results of the lattice parameters, bond length, bond angles, crystallite size, strain, volume of unit cell, APF, number of unit cells, specific surface area and the density of the Mn-doped ZnO nanocrystal samples were be irregular in nature and not following a particular trend as the doping concentration increases. This variation in the values were due to the irregular values of the interplanar spacing and the observed variations in the shift of the peak angles as a result of the difference in ionic radii between Zn and Mn ions with Mn having multiple ionic radii since all the parameters are directly dependent on the value of the 2θ.

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Solubility of Mn in ZnO Nanocrystallites using Wet Chemical Synthesis

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Temperature Dependence on Structural Properties of Liquid Phase Synthesized ZnO

Temperature Dependence on Structural Properties of Liquid Phase Synthesized ZnO

Solubility of Mn in ZnO Crystallites Synthesized Using Solid State Techniques

Structural Properties of Mn Doped ZnO Nanocrystallites Using Wet Chemical Synthesis

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