Solubility of krypton and xenon in blood, protein solutions, and tissue homogenates

Yeh, S.Y.; Peterson, Richard E.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1965.20.5.1041

Cited by 129 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Since VA, Q, and X are constant VAxe will decrease dramatically (solid line). The greatest rate of increase in Rxe (and therefore decrease in VAxe) will be when the VA/Q ratios deviate about a mean VA/Q = XXe = 0.181 (9). In the case of the very soluble gas C02 where X -9 (10), recovery is usually very high (,-0.90).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator Dilution Measurements of Lung Volumes and Alveolar Air Exchange During Breathing

Hechtman¹,

Reid²,

Dorn³

et al. 1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T A new triple tracer indicatorIn control studies, VAxC was similar to VACo2, obtained with the steady-state CO2 method (r = 0.87), while in critically ill patients the xenon measurement was significantly lower, averaging 54% of VAco2. In theory, underestimates in VAxC and decrease in the ratio VAX,/VAco2 relate to nonuniformity in regional ventilation and perfusion. The effect is greatest for the slightly soluble gas, xenon. The significant inverse correlation between .VAxe/ViAco2 and the physiologic shunt is consistent with this postulate.FRCxe was similar to the predicted FRC in animals but was 76% of the helium measured FRC in patients. FRCxe was significantly lower than the xenon measured air volumes during breath-holding when nonuniformity of ventilation was not operative. Lung tissue volumes in animals were 83%7o of gravimetric lung weights, while in patients the volumes were much lower than predicted. Nonhomogeneous lung function, including failure to perfuse the entire capillary bed, with resultant

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator Dilution Measurements of Lung Volumes and Alveolar Air Exchange During Breathing

Hechtman¹,

Reid²,

Dorn³

et al. 1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Solubility of xenon in muscle is 0.082, and thus extremely low compared to values for middle aged adults for halothane (1.44 ± 0.17), enflurane (1.09 ± 0.10), isoflurane (1.52 ± 0.11), sevoflurane (1.08 ± 0.20), desflurane (0.62 ± 0.06), or nitrous oxide (0.54). [14][15][16] Based upon these data, it can be assumed that equilibration of xenon in the muscle compartment is complete when a steady state endexpiratory concentration has been achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenon does not modify mivacurium induced neuromuscular block

Kunitz

Baumert

Hecker

et al. 2005

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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Purpose:The interaction between mivacurium and inhaled anesthetics is known, with the exception of xenon. We compared the pharmacodynamics of mivacurium during xenon anesthesia vs total iv anesthesia with propofol.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out in the Aachen University Hospital. Forty-two adult patients ASA I or II, aged 18 to 60 yr, were randomized to receive either xenon or propofol anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and remifentanil in both groups (each n = 21). The xenon group received xenon via facemask until an end-expiratory concentration of 60% was reached for one minute. Meanwhile, the acceleromyograph was calibrated and a train-of-four stimulation of the adductor pollicis muscle was started. After stabilization of the signal for five minutes, a single bolus of 0.16 mg·kg -1 mivacurium was injected. Anesthesia was maintained with xenon and remifentanil or with propofol and remifentanil.Results: There were no significant differences between groups with respect to onset time (xenon 180 ± 64 vs propofol 195 ± 77 sec; P = 0.39), duration (xenon 16.18 ± 4.97 vs propofol 15.68 ± 6.17 min; P = 0.73), recovery index (xenon 5.63 ± 2.48 vs propofol 5.73 ± 2.12 min; P = 0.42) and clinical recovery (xenon 8.75 ± 2.57 vs propofol 9.28 ± 2.28 min; P = 0.22). Conclusion:We conclude that the neuromuscular blocking effects of mivacurium are similar when given during propofol vs xenon anesthesia. (xénon 180 ± 64 vs propofol 195 ± 77 s ; P = 0,39), à sa durée (xénon 16,18 ± 4,97 vs propofol 15,68 ± 6,17 min ; P = 0,73), à l'indice de récupération (xénon 5,63 ± 2,48 vs propofol 5,73 ± 2,12 min ; P = 0,42) et à la récupération clinique (xénon 8,75 ± 2,57 vs propofol 9,28 ± 2,28 min ; P = 0,22). Objectif : L'interaction entre le mivacurium et les anesthésiques Résultats : Il n'y a pas eu de différence intergroupe significative quant au délai d'installation du bloc Conclusion : Les effets neuromusculaires bloquants du mivacurium sont similaires pendant l'anesthésie au propofol ou au xénon.T HE combination of a short-acting opioid and neuromuscular blocking drug, such as remifentanil and mivacurium, allow rapid emergence and recovery from anesthesia. 1 On the other hand, it is well known that most inhaled anesthetics variably prolong and enhance the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs, compared to total iv anesthesia. 2-4 Xenon, a rediscovered inhaled anesthetic with an extremely low blood-gas solubility of 0.115 to 0.14 5 and a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of 63 to 71%, 6,7 has proven its clinical safety and efficacy in the past. 8 With its ecological and pharmacological qualities, xenon is an interesting alternative to other inhaled anesthetics. The combination of a short-acting opioid, a short duration

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“…Hydrate stability is increased as temperatures approaeh 0° and by protein side chains whose infiuenee might conceivably vary with their degree of dissociation. Secondly, direct binding of inert gases in aqueous solutions of haemoglobin on other proteins is known to occur (Yeh and Peterson, 1965), although no specific sites have been assigned except for xenon and myoglobin (Schoenborn, Watson and Kendrew, 1965). Binding is pH dependent in the ease of bovine serum albumen (Wetlaufer and Lovrien, 1964).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Ph-effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Secretion of Inert Gases Into the Fish Swimbladder

1972

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. Gases which are customarily viewed as biologically inert may nevertheless be secreted into the swimbladder at high pressure just like their biologically active counterparts, O2 and COg. The late Werner Kuhn proposed that the mechanism for all gases was countercurrent multiplication of small changes in partial pressure initiated by secretions of the gas gland situated near the bend of the multiplier loop. Hitherto this hypothesis has been confirmed only for O2 and CO2: an analysis of swimbladder data on argon/nitrogen ratios presented here gives the required confirmation in the inert gas case. A second part of this paper deals with the nature of the secretory agent relevant to inert gas. Kuhn postulated the secretion of an electrolyte to salt out dissolved gas in addition to lactic acid secretion known to be operative in the release of O2 and CO2. This postulate may be redundant: lactic acid is shown to release N2 from fish red cells perhaps by a pfl-related change in haemoglobin polar groups. Countercurrent multiplication of all gases would thus be under the control of a single agent. Interspecies variations in swimbladder gas content would not be inconsistent with this unitary theory since these may merely reflect interspecies variations in the development of the multiplier apparatus and probable variations in the pH-effect also. INTRODUCTION.The late Werner Kuhn showed the power of the interdiseiplinary approach when he introduced the concept of countercurrent exchange into biology from the field of physical chemistry in order to explain the generation of high sodium concentrations in the hairpin loops of Henle in the renal medulla (Kuhn and Ryffel, 1942). The concept was subsequently applied in several areas of biology and, in particular, enabled Scholander (1954) to end the speculations of six generations of biologists by providing the first satisfactory explanation for the generation of high gas pressures in the fish swimbladder. Scholander (1954) described the exquisite design of the countercurrent apparatus, the rete mirabile, which consists of an array of densely-packed thin-walled capillaries arranged in parallel to give maximal contact area between venous and arterial streams. The

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Solubility of krypton and xenon in blood, protein solutions, and tissue homogenates

Cited by 129 publications

References 0 publications

Indicator Dilution Measurements of Lung Volumes and Alveolar Air Exchange During Breathing

Indicator Dilution Measurements of Lung Volumes and Alveolar Air Exchange During Breathing

Xenon does not modify mivacurium induced neuromuscular block

The Mechanism of Secretion of Inert Gases Into the Fish Swimbladder

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