Solubility of Anthracene in Dense Gases and Liquids to 200°C and 2000 bar

Abstract

The solubility of anthracene to 200°C and 2000 bar, in some cases to 280°C and 3000 bar, was measured in 10 fluids: Ar, CH4, propane, n‐pentane, dimethylpropane, CO2, CHF3, CHClF2, NH3 and H2O. Solution concentrations were derived from the absorption in the near UV‐band of anthracene near 370 nm. The high pressure optical cell, additional equipment and procedures are described. Results are given as anthracene concentrations and as “enhancement factors”. Enhancement factors up to 107 were found. The factors increase with solvent density (except at very high density) and decrease with temperature at isochoric conditions. Virial coefficients B12 are derived between 294 and 450 K. An improved sublimation pressure curve for pure anthracene was also determined.

Solubility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Subcritical Water from 298 K to 498 K

“…Rössling and Franck (1983) have shown that the solubility of anthracene at 423 K decreases by nearly an order of magnitude from 5660 × 10 -9 mole fraction at 60 bar (water dielectric constant of 44) to 608 × 10 -9 mole fraction at 2850 bar (water dielectric constant of 51). Table 2 shows effect of pressure on the solubility of pyrene at 373 K. At 40 bar, the mole fraction solubility of pyrene is (900 ( 50) × 10 -9 .…”

“…Although there is a wealth of data available in the literature for the solubility of PAHs in ambient water (at or near 298 K) (Wauchope and Getxen, 1972;Mackay and Shiu, 1977;Schwarz, 1977;May et al, 1983;Haines and Sandler, 1995), very little data are available at temperatures greater than 298 K. The solubility of naphthalene (Miller and Hawthorne, 1998), anthracene (Rössling and Franck, 1983;Wauchope and Getzen, 1972), pyrene (Wauchope and Getzen, 1972), benzo[e]pyrene (Sanders, 1986), benzo[a]pyrene, propazine, chlorothalonil, and endosulfan II (Miller and Hawthorne, 1998) at temperatures ranging from 298 K to 498 K have shown dramatic increases in solubility with increasing temperature. The present work reports the solubility of anthracene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, and carbazole at temperatures between 298 K and 498 K with sufficient pressure to maintain liquid water at all temperatures.…”

Dechlorination of Lindane, Dieldrin, Tetrachloroethane, Trichloroethene, and PVC in Subcritical Water

“…These results are apparently based on the ability of subcritical water to enhance the solubility of nonpolar organics by as much as 5 orders-of-magnitude (18,19), as well as promoting some organic reactions (20).…”

Direct and Indirect Applications of Sub- and Supercritical Water in Food-Related Analysis

“…The early studies of aqueous solubilities at high temperatures involved nonpolar solutes such as heavy alkanes (Sanders 1986) and aromatic hydrocarbons (Rössling and Franck 1983). Later on, the measurements were extended to cover more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Andersson et al 2005;Karásek et al 2006a, b) and other classes of solutes including aromatic hydrocarbons (Karásek et al 2008a), diamondoids (Karásek et al 2008b), aromatic heterocycles Karásek et al 2007Karásek et al , 2009), benzoic and salicylic acids (Kayan et al 2010), ferrocene (Karásek et al 2010a), terephthalic acid (Takebayashi et al 2012) and organic electronic materials (Karásek et al 2013a).…”