Solubility Measurement and Modeling of 4,4′-Dihydroxydiphenyl Sulfone in Nine Organic Solvents from T = (278.15 to 313.15) K and Thermodynamic Property of Dissolution

Abstract

The solubility of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and ethyl acetate were determined at temperatures from (278.15 to 313.15) K under 101.3 kPa by using a gravimetric method. With the increase in temperature, the solubility of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in these solvents increased. The solubility values decreased according to the following order: acetone > acetonitrile > ethyl acetate >1-butanol > (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol) > isopropyl alcohol. The obtained solubility data were correlated with three models, which corresponded to the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, and Van't Hoff equation. The evaluated solubility values by the modified Apelblat equation agreed very well with those calculated by the other two models. In general, the regressed results with the three models were all within the acceptable limit for the solubility of 4,4′dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in the selected solvents. Furthermore, the standard dissolution enthalpies per 1 mol of mixtures of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone and solvent were evaluated in terms of the modified Apelblat equation. The dissolution process of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in these solvents was endothermic. The study concerning the solubility of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in the selected solvents and thermodynamic property of dissolution could provide fundamental data in the manufacturing and separating process of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone.

Solubility Determination and Modeling for 4,4′-Dihydroxydiphenyl Sulfone in Mixed Solvents of (Acetone, Ethyl Acetate, or Acetonitrile) + Methanol and Acetone + Ethanol from (278.15 to 313.15) K

“…Knowledge of the solubilities enable the acquisition of the most appropriate solvent system for purifying 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone via the crystallization method. We find that the solubilities of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone are larger in acetone, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile than in methanol or ethanol . The mixed solvents can change the solubility of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone.…”

“…Table presents the measured mole fraction solubility of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in binary solvent mixtures of (acetone + methanol), (ethyl acetate + methanol), (acetonitrile + methanol), and (acetone + ethanol). It is noted that the mole fraction solubility of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in pure solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, methanol, and ethanol) are also presented in Table , which are taken from ref . For comparison with the experimental points, the dependence of mole fraction solubility on temperature and solvent composition are shown graphically in Figures , , , and as well.…”

“… a Standard uncertainties u are u ( T ) = 0.02 K, u ( p ) = 400 Pa; relative standard uncertainty u r is u r ( x ) = 0.0467. Solvent mixtures were prepared by mixing different masses of the solvents with relative standard uncertainty u r ( w ) = 0.003. w represents the mass fraction of acetone, ethyl acetate, or acetonitrile in mixed solvents of (acetone + methanol), (ethyl acetate + methanol), or (acetonitrile + methanol). b Taken from ref . …”

“…We find that the solubilities of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone are larger in acetone, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile than in methanol or ethanol. 20 The mixed solvents can change the solubility of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone. To provide the comprehensive basic data for engineering application and more systematic and useful thermodynamic information on the crystallization of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone from some mixed solvents, the aims of this work are to (1) determine the solubility of 4,4″-dihydroxyphenyl sulfone in four mixed solvents of (acetone + methanol), (ethyl acetate + methanol), (acetonitrile + methanol), and (acetone + ethanol) with different solvent compositions at temperatures ranging from (278.15 to 313.15) K; and (2) correlate the experimental solubility data with the Jouyban−Acree model, 21,22 modified Apelblat−Acree model, 23,24 Ma model 25 and Sun model.…”

“…The solubilities of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in pure and mixed solvents not only are useful for the products′ characteristics such as crystal size distribution, crystal habits, purity, and yields, but also provide the fundamental data for the modeling of solubility and understanding of interactions between 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone and various solvents. In the industrial purification process, many solvent crystallization methods have been put forward to separate the dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone isomers. − Recently we reported the solubility of 4,4″-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in nine pure solvents . Nevertheless, to the best of the authors’ present knowledge, no work has been carried out for determining the solubility of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone in cosolvent mixtures.…”