Solubility Equilibria of Sodium Sulfate at Temperatures from 150 to 350°.¹ IV. Comparison of Evaporation and Equilibrium Solubility Values

Abstract

Vol. 59 droxide decreases the solubility of all the solid ious phases are increased markedly.phases. At 350°the solubilities of the var-College Park, Md.

High pressure differential scanning calorimetry of the hydrothermal salt solutions K2SO4–Na2SO4–H2O and K2HPO4–H2O

“…To test the method for accuracy we rst measured salt solutions of Na 2 SO 4 , which have been studied extensively before. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] For K 2 SO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 much less data is available in the literature. Subsequently, measurements above 200 C on the ternary system Na 2 SO 4 -K 2 SO 4 -H 2 O were performed.…”

Water Conditioning in Steam Generation

“…Each successive evaporation of a film of water as a bubble forms therefore builds up an increment of scale. This mechanism applies not only to the relatively insoluble substances which form boiler scales, such as calcium sulfate, but also to very soluble ones such as sodium chloride, which is known to "salt up" the heat transfer surfaces of evaporators operating on saturated brine, and has been formed as a scale in experimental apparatus (64). In a boiler the total con- centration of sodium salts in the water is, however, only a few thousand parts per million (far below saturation), so that the tendency to redissolve any readily soluble substances momentarily deposited by local evaporation is great enough to prevent the inclusion of more than minute amounts in ordinary scales.…”

Solubility and Modeling for NaHCO3 and NH4HCO3 Crystals in the System Na+–NH4+–SO42––Cl––H2O from 283.15 to 323.15 K

“…A number of investigations have been conducted on the solubility related to the relevant system. − For instance, Zhou et al determined the solubilities of NaHCO 3 and NH 4 HCO 3 in the system NH 3 – CO 2 –NaCl–H 2 O at 283.15–333.15 K and established a thermodynamic model for the solubility prediction in this system. Jaworski and Czernuszewicz collected the solubility data for the full quaternary system NaCl–NaHCO 3 –Na 2 CO 3 –H 2 O reported in the literature and verified the mixed-solvent electrolyte (MSE) model for the prediction of the solid–liquid equilibrium in the system.…”