Solubility and solubilizing capabilities of aqueous solutions of Extractum Taraxaci e radix cum herba aqu. siccum in light of selected values of general Hildebrand-Scatchard-Fedors theory of solubility

Abstract

S u m m a r yIntroduction: The general Hildebrand-Scatchard theory of solubility supplemented by Fedors' solubility parameter -δ 1 2 = Σ Σ E V i i / was used to estimate the real solubility by -log x 2 (log of the mole fraction) of phytochemicals contained in Ext. Taraxaci e radix cum herba aqu. siccum. Surface activity of aqueous solution of extracts was determined and quantified -solubilizing capabilities of solutions of c exp. ≥cmc in relation to cholesterol particle size of Ø=1.00 mm, as well as of ketoprofen were defined. Objective: The calculated value -log x 2 collated with the polarity of extraction medium ε M allows to estimate the optimal solubility of phytochemicals that determine the viscosity of the aqueous extract of dandelion and above all its surface activity and the ability to solubilize lipophilic therapeutic agents (ketoprofen). Methods: Viscosity of water model solutions of dandelion extracts and exhibition solutions after the effective micellar solubilization of cholesterol and ketoprofen was measured using Ubbelohde viscometer in accordance with the Polish Standard. The surface tension of aqueous solutions of extract and exhibition solutions after solubilization of cholesterol and ketoprofen was measured according to the Polish Standard with stalagmometric method. Results: The calculated factual solubility, and mainly the determined and calculated hydrodynamic size mean, that despite the complex structure of the micelle, it solubilizes cholesterol (granulometric grain of diameter Ø=1.00 mm) and ketoprofen (state of technological fragmentation) in equilibrium conditions. Equilibrium solubilization of ketoprofen also occurs in an environment of model gastric juice (0.1 mol HCl). Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that after the administration (and/or dietary supplementation) with Ext. Taraxaci e radix cum herba aqu. siccum, the physiological parameters of gastric juice would not be measured and its presence (phytosurfactant) in the body of the duodenum (bile A) increases abilities of solubilizing lipophilic therapeutic agents and cholesterol accounting for its use in the treatment of liver diseases and cholesterol gall bladder stones.

Predicted real solubility (– log x2) and the level of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLBRequ.) of phytochemicals contained in extracts isolated from linden inflorescence (Tiliae flos) with solvents of diversified polarity (εM)

“…The structure of phytochemicals isolated from linden inflorescences (Tiliae flos), owing to the use of solvents of significantly diversified polarity (-dielectric constant -ε M ) [28], was the basis for calculating by Fedors method [30] the molar evaporation energy -ΣΔE i (cal/mol) and molar volume -ΣΔV i (cm 3 /mol), which are fundamental quantities necessary to estimate the solubility parameter -δ 1/2 and the required solubility hydrophilic-lipohilic level -HLB Requ .…”

“…The calculated solubility not only indicates the quantitative composition of phytochemicals, but also the proper composition of ballast substances, granulometric properties of which decide on the optimal selection of excipients and lubricants in the technology of model solid drug form manufacturing [28,29]. Scop.…”

“…. The above values allow -using the general Hildebrand-Scatchard-Fedors theory of solubility [28] -to calculate by the logarithm of the molar fraction (-log x 2 ) the predicted real solubility (S real ) in extraction media with designed, progressive HLB Requ. values.…”

“…) and predicted real (-log x 2 ) solubility, it is possible -using the general Hildebrand-Scatchard-Fedors theory of solubility [28] -to choose selectively the cascade of extraction media in order to distinguish in the plant material chemical and structural individuals of different polarity. The solubility parameter δ 1/2 and HLB Requ.…”

“…of the extraction medium should be taken into account in the selective extraction optimization process as well as the direction of technological process i.e. from lipophilic to hydrophilic structures, so that during extraction with water and aqueous ethanol solutions, adverse effects on the quality of the hydrotropic and micellar solubilization extract are eliminated [28,29].…”