Nucleation is a key step in the crystallization
of solution. For
regulating and controlling this process, it is thus critical to understand
the nucleation mechanism under different circumstances. Note that
how additives affect nucleation has not been essentially summarized.
This contribution aims to explore the role of additives in theoretical
models and practical applications. First, we review the development
of nucleation theory: classical nucleation theory (CNT) and nonclassical
nucleation theory (non-CNT). Under the framework of CNT, how additives
influence the nucleation is expounded through the interactions between
species involved in nucleation, along with solid–liquid interfacial
energy and pre-exponential factors based on the metastable zone width
(MSZW) and nucleation induction time (NIT). In non-CNT, we then discuss
the effects of additives on the structural evolution of prenucleated
species and competitive properties such as the Gibbs free energy change.
Then, we summarize the role of multifarious additives in nucleation.
Finally, how additives are adapted to treat some diseases in pathological
biomineralization such as lithiasis is summarized. This review has
a positive significance for comprehending the roles of additives on
the nucleation in a solution milieu.