Solubility and Body Fluids

Bone-like hydroxyapatite precipitated from 10×SBF-like solution by microwave irradiation

“…Normally the human bone contains 34.8 wt.% Ca, 15.2 wt.% P ions and the Ca/P molar ratio is about 1.77. However, stoichiometric HA contains 39.8 wt.% Ca, 18.5 wt.% P and its Ca/P molar ratio is about 1.66 [29,38]. The results given in Table 3 indicate that among all HAs produced in our study, only HA powders that were prepared at 600 W microwave power have bone-like Ca, P ion contents and Ca/P molar ratio (1.61).…”

“…The ratio of A/B in the human bone may vary depending on the age factor [38,39]. Furthermore substitution of carbonate for phosphate tetrahedra in the apatite (B-type apatite) changes its crystallographic parameters and morphology, decreases the crystallinity, increases its solubility, causes charge imbalance and may also increase mechanical strength [29,38]. The charge imbalance can be sourced by the Ca 2+ vacancies.…”

“…6a, b, c and d concludes that as the microwave power is increased the HA nanoparticles transformed into nanorods instead of elongated needle like structure with decreasing length. The size of bone HA crystals reported in the literature varies, with values ranging from 30 to 50 nm length, 15-30 nm width and 2-10 nm thickness [29]. Bigi et al [49] detached HA coating from the Ti substrates by ultrasonic treatment, split the aggregates into thin nanocrystals and found the dimensions of about 40 nm × 20 nm.…”

“…At first, Kokubo used SBF to perform in vitro simulations of in vivo conditions and then, lots of SBF solutions were prepared [26][27][28]. SBFs are metastable and will finally go thermodynamically stable by forming precipitates including different CaP phases such as calciumdeficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA-dahlite), amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), octacalcium phosphate (OCP), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD-brushite) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPA-monetite) [28,29], but HA is the most thermodynamically stable phase in SBF solution and OCP and DCPD phases can be regarded as HA precursors.…”

Solubility Data Compilations for the Practicing Chemist

“…10 Members of the solubility group have also edited or contributed to several books covering the whole range of development and applications of solubility data and concepts. 11,12,13 It is recommended that those interested in the activities of the solubility data group consult the homepage 14 of the SSED, and the three introductions to the gas/liquid, liquid/liquid and solid/liquid series in particular. 15 To conclude this review, we emphasize two unconventional "tools of the solubility trade."…”