Solubilities in aqueous solutions of the sodium salts of succinic and glutaric acid with and without ammonium sulfate

Deliquescence Relative Humidity and Reversible Non-deliquescent Water Uptake in the Sodium Salts of Succinic Acid

“…25 Sodium succinate has a known hydrate: 28 This hydrate was identified as the crystal forming in solutions in a previous study of the Na 2 C 4 H 4 O 4 /H 2 O phase diagram from this laboratory. 17 Therefore, an investigation was undertaken to determine whether this hydrate was forming in the DRH experiments as a result of water uptake by "dry" Na 2 C 4 H 4 O 4 samples. In all cases, the dry powder Na 2 C 4 H 4 O 4 was placed on the crucible bottom to form an approximately single layer.…”

“…Using the stable masses at 40% RH before and after water uptake, the mass fraction of NaHC 4 H 4 O 4 can be calculated using eq 2. Seven experiments were performed at an average temperature of 298.2 K where this method was followed, and an average calculated mass fraction of 17 It is possible in the grinding process for the sample that some atmospheric water may have been absorbed by the sample that was not given up during drying.…”

“…These solutions were made for solubility studies previously reported, and crystals that formed in these solutions but still in the mother liquor were analyzed via X-ray crystallography unit cell analysis. 17 The compounds were found to be NaHC . 24 A portion of a high-concentration solution of each mole ratio was placed in a Petri dish at room temperature and open to air for drying.…”

“…and a saturated solution of NaHC 4 H 4 O 4 at 298 K is w = 0.338 17. Thus, the hydrated samples had a water content significantly and consistently less than NaHC4 H 4 O 4 •3H 2 O.…”

“…Studies have shown that the HCl product is highly volatile, leaving behind the organic salt in the particle. 9,15 Previous work has shown that sodium salts of succinic acid are much more soluble than succinic acid in water, 17 thus enhancing succinate ion concentrations in aqueous aerosols containing sodium ions, such as sea spray and continental aerosols. Recent field observations have shown that aerosols near the surface can be rapidly and efficiently transported to high altitudes in the UT via convective thunderstorms, which play a large role in the formation of cirrus clouds on synoptic and continental scales.…”