Sollerman Hand Function Test: A Standardised Method and its Use in Tetraplegic Patients

Sollerman, Christer; Ejeskär, Arvid

doi:10.3109/02844319509034334

Cited by 383 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…12 Similarly, one can assess the walking capacity of a SCI patient using the WISCI test. 13 However, none of these tests has been proved to be helpful in predicting the usefulness of FES treatment for improving either grasping or walking function, and the relevance of these tests for FES treatment outcome prediction has yet to be evaluated.…”

Section: Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional electrical stimulation for grasping and walking: indications and limitations

et al. 2001

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This review describes the state of art in the ®eld of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and its impact on improving grasping and walking functions in acute and chronic Spinal Cord Injured (SCI) patients. It is argued that during the early rehabilitation period the FES systems with surface stimulation electrodes should be used to assist training of hand and leg movements in SCI patients. Our clinical trials have shown that a number of acute SCI patients with impaired walking and grasping functions could improve these functions due to training with an adjustable FES system to the point that they ®nally did not need the FES system to carry out these tasks. Other acute SCI patients, who did not recover the desired function, were enabled to perform either walking or grasping with the FES assistance. We believe that the subjects who can perform grasping or walking with the help of FES, and still use the neuroprosthesis 6 months after being subjected to the FES training, should consider the FES system as a prosthetic device in Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Despite the signi®cant technical progress achieved in the last 10 to 15 years in the FES ®eld, there is a general consensus that these systems are not su ciently advanced and that they need further development. The limited acceptance of the FES technology can be in part explained by the fact that it is not completely mature and that the patients still require daily assistance to use the FES systems. Nevertheless the present FES treatments combined with conventional occupational and physical therapy still remain the most promising approach in rehabilitating SCI patients. In this review, advantages and limitations of di erent FES systems that are used to restore grasping and walking functions are discussed. Spinal Cord (2001) 39, 403 ± 412

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Section: Clinical Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional electrical stimulation for grasping and walking: indications and limitations

et al. 2001

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“…10,14 The tests aiming to evaluate the impairment of the hand are limited to the measurement of strength and joint motion. 11,[15][16][17] Most of the tests for the evaluation of the motor capacity of the hand 7,10,11,[18][19][20][21] are only performance tests and give no details on hand grip configurations during prehension. More global functional evaluations assess many functions in addition to hand performance 2,22,23 and are sensitive to additional variables (eg motivation, choice of the tasks or choice of the objects).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do C6/C7 tetraplegic patients grasp balls of different sizes and weights? Impact of surgical musculo-tendinous transfers

et al. 2007

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Study design: Prospective control cohort study. Objectives: To develop a new test to analyse qualitatively grasping strategies in C6/C7 tetraplegic patients, and to quantify the effect of musculo-tendinous transfers. Setting: France. Methods: Twelve C6/C7 tetraplegic adults (17 arms; 31.377.9 years) and 17 healthy subjects (30.979.4 years) completed the study. We assessed participants' ability to grasp, move and release standardized balls of variable sizes and weights. Outcome measures: Failures, movement duration (MD), grip patterns, forearm orientation during transport. Results: In patients as well as in controls, the number of digits involved in prehension increased proportionally to the size and weight of the ball. C6 non-operated tetraplegic patients failed 38.2% of the tasks. They frequently used supine transport (51.4% of successful tasks). MD was longer, with a large distribution of values. The presence of active elbow extension poorly influenced the amount of failure nor grip configuration, but significantly reduced MD and supine transport (34%). Patients who were evaluated after hand surgery showed a trend towards improved MD and more frequent completion (failure 30%), especially for middle-sized and middle-weighted balls. Grip patterns were deeply modified, and all transports were made in pronation. Conclusion: The 'Tetra Ball Test' evidences the characteristics of grasping in tetraplegic patients and those influenced by surgery. It may be useful in understanding effects of surgical procedures. This preliminary study must be completed to evaluate the quantitative responsiveness and reproducibility of this test and to develop instrumented electronic balls to optimise it.

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“…45 Additionally, normative values for tetraplegics can be in¯uenced by disease speci®c factors, like di erences in sensibility. 7 Therefore, it seems important to include all these factors to facilitate a correct evaluation of the function of the hand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Additional information: Curtin 5 comments that this test is only suitable for those persons who have some wrist movement.…”

Section: Name: the Physical Capacities Evaluation Of Hand Skill (Pce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of upper extremity motor function tests in tetraplegics

Tuijl¹,

Janssen-Potten²,

Seelen³

2002

Spinal Cord

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Objective: To provide an overview of arm±hand function tests useful in tetraplegic subjects. Considerations for selection of an appropriate test are also provided. Data sources: A Medline literature search was conducted covering the period from 1967 to March 2001. Relevant references cited in the selected papers were also considered, regardless of the year of publication. Study selection: This review was restricted to strength tests, functional and ADL tests. Only general tests and tests designed speci®cally to test tetraplegic persons written in English, or in Dutch were included in the review. Results: Information is provided on four types of strength tests, 10 general and ®ve speci®c functional tests and eight ADL tests. Conclusion: Many tests are available to measure upper extremity motor function in tetraplegics. Selection of a test is at ®rst determined by the outcome value in which the investigator is interested. When the type of outcome value has been determined, the most suitable test has to be selected from the range of available tests. When two tests appear to be equally suitable, the availability of information on psychometric properties of the test when used in tetraplegic patients is a decisive factor. When information on the reliability, validity and sensitivity of a test is missing, it should be gathered before using the test. Sponsorship: The present study was written with ®nancial assistance provided by the Health Research and Development Council of the Netherlands.

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Sollerman Hand Function Test: A Standardised Method and its Use in Tetraplegic Patients

Cited by 383 publications

References 18 publications

Functional electrical stimulation for grasping and walking: indications and limitations

Functional electrical stimulation for grasping and walking: indications and limitations

How do C6/C7 tetraplegic patients grasp balls of different sizes and weights? Impact of surgical musculo-tendinous transfers

Evaluation of upper extremity motor function tests in tetraplegics

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