Solketal Levulinate Ester as a Potential Fuel Additive for Palm Biodiesel

Abstract

The use of Solketal levulinate ester (SoLE) as a potential cold flow improver (CFI) for palm biodiesel is studied. SoLE was added to palm biodiesel and several crucial palm biodiesel characteristics such as density, kinematic viscosity, pour point (PP), cloud point (CP) and cold flow plugging point (CFPP) were evaluated.