Solitary pulmonary nodule caused by pulmonary Mycobacterium lentiflavum infection

Chida, K; Yamanaka, Yumie; Sato, Akihito; Ito, Saburo; Takasaka, Naoki; Ishikawa, Takeo; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101510

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Jerome Philip et al [10] described a case of Mycobacteria lenti avum infection in a 5-year-old child affecting the neck and head, along with treatment strategies and literature review. Kentaro Chida etal [11] identi ed Mycobacteria lenti avum infection in a lung nodule of a colon cancer patient during follow-up using mass spectrometry analysis of postoperative sputum. Javier Martinez et al [12] reported the rst case in which Mycobacteria lenti avum caused meningitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteria lentiflavum presenting as nasopharyngeal masses and nodular erythema: a case report

Liang,

Su,

Cao

2024

Preprint

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Background: Mycobacterium lentiflavum, a slow-growing, primarily affects the lungs and cervical lymph nodes, with no reported involvement in the nasopharynx; this case report represents the first reported instance of mycobacteria lentiflavum involving the nasopharynx, accompanied by nodular erythema and other reactive rashes, which are clinically rare and prone to misdiagnosis. Case Presentation: A 35-year-old female presented with a history of "recurrent rhinorrhea and sensation of nasal foreign body, along with nodules on the extremities for more than 2 years". On examination, multiple tender nodules were observed on the lower limbs and dorsum of both hands without ulceration. The patient was positive for anti-γ-interferon antibody upon admission. A nasopharyngeal CT (computed tomography, CT) scan with contrast agent revealed the following: 1. Lesion in the right nasal cavity-right maxillary sinus-right ethmoid sinus, nature pending further investigation; 2. Inflammation in the right maxillary sinus and right frontal sinus. Biopsy of nodules on the lower limbs revealed nodular erythema. Pathological examination of the nasopharyngeal mass revealed granulomatous inflammation. Special staining included acid-fast staining (−), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining (−), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of nasopharyngeal mass tissue, which suggested Mycobacteria lentiflavum (sequence number 151). The final diagnosis was Mycobacteria lentiflavum infection in the nasopharynx. The nodular erythema was considered a reactive rash following Mycobacteria lentiflavum infection. After 3 months of treatment with clarithromycin, rifampicin, and moxifloxacin, symptoms in the nose and nodules on the extremities regressed, with no recurrence during follow-up. Conclusion: Mycobacterium lentiflavum infection is rare in clinical practice, and its clinical manifestations are nonspecific, especially when it involves the nasopharynx, making it even more uncommon, thus clinicians are prone to misdiagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteria lentiflavum presenting as nasopharyngeal masses and nodular erythema: a case report

Liang,

Su,

Cao

2024

Preprint

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“…Other opportunistic pathogens belonging to the Mycobacteriaceae family were also identified in Lascaux Cave. The two most proportionally abundant species, M. lentiflavum and M. algericum , are causal agents of pulmonary infections in humans (Chida et al, 2021 ) and animals (Sahraoui et al, 2011 ), respectively. In addition, the presence of these species has been reported in aquatic mediums (Makovcova et al, 2015 ; Moradi et al, 2019 ; Mrlik et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Actinobacteria communities from human‐impacted and pristine karst caves

et al. 2022

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Actinobacteria are important cave inhabitants, but knowledge of how anthropization and anthropization‐related visual marks affect this community on cave walls is lacking. We compared Actinobacteria communities among four French limestone caves (Mouflon, Reille, Rouffignac, and Lascaux) ranging from pristine to anthropized, and within Lascaux Cave between marked (wall visual marks) and unmarked areas in different rooms (Sas‐1, Passage, Apse, and Diaclase). In addition to the 16S rRNA gene marker, 441 bp fragments of the hsp 65 gene were used and an hsp 65‐related taxonomic database was constructed for the identification of Actinobacteria to the species level by Illumina‐MiSeq analysis. The hsp 65 marker revealed higher resolution for species and higher richness (99% operational taxonomic units cutoff) versus the 16S rRNA gene; however, more taxa were identified at higher taxonomic ranks. Actinobacteria communities varied between Mouflon and Reille caves (both pristine), and Rouffignac and Lascaux (both anthropized). Rouffignac displayed high diversity of Nocardia , suggesting human inputs, and Lascaux exhibited high Mycobacterium relative abundance, whereas Gaiellales were typical in pristine caves and the Diaclase (least affected area of Lascaux Cave). Within Lascaux, Pseudonocardiaceae dominated on unmarked walls and Streptomycetaceae (especially Streptomyces mirabilis ) on marked walls, indicating a possible role in mark formation. A new taxonomic database was developed. Although not all Actinobacteria species were represented, the use of the hsp 65 marker enabled species‐level variations of the Actinobacteria community to be documented based on the extent of anthropogenic pressure. This approach proved effective when comparing different limestone caves or specific conditions within one cave.

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Solitary pulmonary nodule caused by pulmonary Mycobacterium lentiflavum infection

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Mycobacteria lentiflavum presenting as nasopharyngeal masses and nodular erythema: a case report

Mycobacteria lentiflavum presenting as nasopharyngeal masses and nodular erythema: a case report

Comparison of Actinobacteria communities from human‐impacted and pristine karst caves

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