Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Adrenal Gland with Unusual Immunophenotype: A Potential Diagnostic Problem and a Brief Review of Endocrine Organ Solitary Fibrous Tumor

Abstract

Solitary fibrous tumor was initially thought to be a pleura-based tumor. However, over the last two decades, its involvement in a variety of extrapleural sites gained recognition. Nonetheless, a primary involvement of the endocrine organs is rare, and in this report, we detail an instance where the tumor affected the adrenal gland of a 71-year-old Arab man. On histology, besides the typical morphologic features seen in solitary fibrous tumor, the neoplasm also exhibited unusual features on immunohistochemistry such as positive staining for cytokeratin AE1/3 and calponin in conjunction with diffuse expression for S-100. The genetic tests for t(X:18) as seen in synovial sarcoma were negative, and the overall histological appearance favored a diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the fifth case of a solitary fibrous tumor primarily occurring in the adrenal gland. The differential diagnoses of this neoplasm in our case and a brief summary of solitary fibrous tumor primarily involving the various endocrine organs are presented.

Solitary fibrous tumour of the liver—report on metastasis and local recurrence of a malignant case and review of literature

“…Initially thought to be of mesothelial origin, they have been historically referred to as benign mesothelioma, localised fibrous mesothelioma and pleural fibromas [5]. Their extrapleural involvement and ubiquitous nature have been well described over the last century with publications documenting primary cases arising from the respiratory tract [6], orbit [7], thyroid [8], adrenal gland [9], spinal cord [10], meninges [11], breasts [12], peritoneum [13], pancreas [14] and soft tissues [15]. …”

Solitary fibrous tumor mimicking adrenal tumor concomitant with contralateral adrenal pheochromocytoma: A case report of surgical resection after long-term observation

“…There have been only nine case reports of SFTs that were diagnosed as adrenal tumor by clinical imaging in the English literature [[7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]] (Table 1). The median diameter of the tumors was 9.5 cm (range 2.5–12 cm), and tumors at least 10 cm were observed in four patients on imaging studies.…”

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Neck Mimicking Cold Thyroid Nodule in 99m Tc Thyroid Scintigraphy

“…Solitary fibrous tumor affecting the endocrine organs is uncommon. Among the endocrine organs, the thyroid gland [8, 9] is the most commonly involved organ, which is followed by pancreas [14], pituitary [15], and adrenal gland [16]. …”