Solitary Central Nervous System Relapse of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder on 18F-FDG PET/CT

Abstract

A 41-year-old woman received stem cell transplant due to acute myeloid leukemia. Six months after the stem cell transplant, the patient experienced monomorphic PTLD (posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder) and underwent chemotherapy. Postchemotherapy PET/CT did not show any abnormal 18 F-FDG accumulation in the scanned body, including brain. Four months later, she presented with nausea and vomiting. Brain MRI showed a lesion in the right temporal lobe. In addition to the abnormal 18 F-FDG accumulation in the brain, no other abnormal foci were noted in the torso PET/CT. Biopsy pathology confirmed the diagnosis of monomorphic PTLD.

Primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder: A case report and systematic review of imaging findings

“…Despite this limitation, authors have reported intracranial CNS-PTLD lesions that demonstrate elevated FDG uptake relative to surrounding brain parenchyma ( Fig. 14 ) [48 , 53] . We gathered FDG PET-CT data from 5 patients in our review, and all 5 patients had PCNS-PTLD lesions with focal radiotracer avidity.…”

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FDG PET/CT Findings of Renal Cell Carcinoma Arising From a Transplanted Kidney in a Pediatric Patient

“…The renal allograft was then resected, and hemodialysis was started. The role of FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of PTLD is well-known 4–7 . Approximately 2% of the pediatric patients who received renal transplant will develop PTLD, 8 and the allograft involvement has been well-reported 9–12 .…”